pirated code , pirate article or article agreement is the behavioral code to govern pirates. A group of sailors, to change the pirates, will draw up their own code or article, which provides rules for discipline, distribution of stolen goods, and compensation for injured pirates.
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Buccaneers start operating under a set of rules called Chasse-Partie, Charter Party, Custom of the Coast, or Jamaica Discipline. This is finally known as the Articles of Agreement, or the pirate code. Pirate articles vary from one captain to another, and sometimes even from one voyage to another, but they generally equally include provisions for discipline, specifications for each piece of property crewmate, and compensation for the wounded.
Each member of the crew is asked to sign or make a mark on the article, then swear allegiance or honor. The oath is sometimes taken from the Bible, but the people of John Phillips, who have no Bible, swear an ax. Legend shows that other pirates swear by using a gun, sword, or human skull, or capture a cannon. This act formally induces signatories to the pirate crew, who generally grants him the right to elect officers and other "matters of the moment", to carry arms, and his share of plunder. The items that have been signed, they are then placed in a prominent place, often large cabin doors.
After the pirate voyage begins, new recruits from captured vessels will occasionally sign articles, in some cases voluntarily, in other cases under threat of torture or death. Valuable sea craftsmen, such as carpenters and navigators, will most likely be forced to sign articles under pressure, and will rarely be released regardless of their decision to sign or not. In some cases, even recruits who are willing to ask the pirates to pretend to force them to sign, so they can beg them to be forced if they have ever been arrested by law. Generally, people who do not sign the article have a better chance of being free in court if arrested by law.
Pirate articles are closely related to, and in some cases derived from, personal articles, which also provide disciplined and regulated distributions of booty (though usually much less equal than pirate articles). In the 19th century, regular merchant ships also had articles that set wages and rules, which had to be signed by the crew on delivery. Personal articles and personal articles can be traced back to Europe in the Middle Ages when there was a "joint hands" agreement between traders, owners and sailors to share profits.
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Nine complete or complete sets of pirated articles have survived, especially from Charles Johnson Pyrates General History , first published in 1724, and from records kept by the Admiralty Court in pirate trials. The partial code of Henry Morgan is stored in Alexandre Exquemelin's book in 1678 The Buccaneers of America . Many other pirates are known to have articles; The late seventeenth-century articles of George Cusack and Nicholas Clough have survived intact. Few surviving pirate articles; pirates on the brink of capture or surrender usually burn their articles or throw them into the sea to prevent the paper being used against them in trials.
Articles Captain Bartholomew Roberts
Me. Everyone has a voice in the matter of moments; have the same rights as new provisions, or strong liquors, which are occasionally confiscated, and may use them gladly, unless scarcity (not unusual among them) makes it necessary, for the good of all, to choose austerity.
II. Everyone is called fair in turn, by list, on the gift board because, (above and above their proper part) they on this occasion allow shifting of clothing: but if they cheated the company with dollar value on the plate, , or money, marooning is their punishment. If the robberies were just another one, they were content with slitting their innocent ears and nose, and placing it on the beach, not in an uninhabited place, but somewhere, where he was sure to face difficulties.
III. No one to play cards or dice for money.
IV. Lamps and candles to be placed at eight o'clock at night: if there is a crew, after that hour still want to drink, they have to do it on the open deck.
V. To keep their cuts, guns, and cutlass clean and eligible for service.
VI. No man or woman is allowed between them. If any man is found to seduce the last sex, and bring him into the sea, disguised, he must die; (so when somebody fell into their hands, when he met in Onslow, they immediately put the guard over it to prevent the bad consequences of such a dangerous instrument of division and quarrel, but then here the roguery lay: they held up who would be sentinel, which generally happens to one of the greatest bullies, who, to safeguard her virtue, will not let anyone lie with her except herself.)
VII. To leave their ship or place in combat, be punished with death or marooning.
VIII. Not flashy at each other on the board, but everyone quarrels will end up on the beach, with swords and pistols. (Ship officers, when the parties will not come to reconciliation, accompany them on the beach with the help of what he thinks is right, and turn the dispute back to back, with the distance of so many steps: on the command word, they turned and shot immediately (or the piece is thrown out of their hands.) If both lose, they come to their glasses, and then he is declared the winner who takes the first blood.)
IX. No man talks about their way of life, until each one has shared a thousand pounds. If in this case, anyone should lose a branch, or become disabled in their service, he must have eight hundred dollars, from public stock, and for lower wounds, proportionately.
X. Captain and Quartermaster to receive two parts of the prize: master, boatswain, and shooter, one half share, and one other officer one and a quarter.
XI. The musicians rested on the Sabbath, but other six days and nights, no one without special help.
Captain John Phillips's
Captain John Phillips, captain of Vengeance , also set the code for his subordinates in 1724:
Me. Every Man Will Obey Civil Orders; The captain will have one full Share and half of all Rewards; Master, Carpenter, Boatswain, and Gunner have one Share and one quarter.
II. If anyone offers to escape, or keep a secret from the Company, he will be flooded with a Bottle of Powder, a Bottle of Water, a Little Arm, and a Shot.
III. If there is a Man who steals anything in the Company, or a game, with a Same Value of Eight, it will be stranded or shot.
IV. If at any time we will meet another Marooner that Man will sign his Article without our Company Approval, will suffer such a Penalty because the Captain and Company will think accordingly.
V. The person who will attack the other while this article applies, will accept the Mosaic Law (ie, 40 Lines does not have one) in the Naked Back.
VI. The man who will break his weapon, or smoke Tobacco in Hold, without Cap to Pipe, or carry Candle burning without Lanthorn, will suffer the same Punishment as in previous Articles..
VII. The person will not keep his Arms clean, suitable for Engagement, or ignore his Business, must be decided from his Section, and suffer Other Punishments such as Captain and Company will think accordingly.
VIII. If any Human will lose the Connection in Involvement Time, it will have 400 Pieces Eight; if the limbs, 800.
IX. If at any time you meet a wise Woman, that the Man who offers to meddle with her, without her Consent, will suffer Death present.
Articles from Edward Low and George Lowther
The articles listed below are attributed by Boston News-Letter to Captain Edward Low. The first eight of this article are essentially identical to those associated with pirate captain George Lowther by Charles Johnson. Since Lowther and Low are known to have sailed together from about the New Year to May 28, 1722, it is likely that both reports are true and Low and Lowther share the same article, with two additional articles from Low being ordinance , or amendments, adopted after the two crew were separated.
Me. The captain has two full Shares; Quartermaster is having one Share and one Half; The Doctor, Mate, Gunner and Boatswain, one Share and one quarter.
II. He who will be found guilty of taking Unauthorized Weapons on Private Board or any other prizes we take, so to Strike or Abuse each other in any case, will suffer what penalties the Captain and the Majority Companies will see fit.
III. He who will be found Guilty of Cowardice at the time of the engagement, will suffer what the Punishment Captain and the Majority Companies will think accordingly.
IV. If there are Gold, Gems, Silver, & amp; c. found on a Gift Board or any Prize with a value of Piece of Eight, & amp; the finder does not deliver it to the Quarter Master within 24 hours, he will suffer what Punish the Captain and the Majority Companies will think accordingly.
V. He who found Guilty of Gaming, or Abusing each other with the value of the Royal of Plate, will suffer what the Captain's Punishment and the Majority Companies will think accordingly.
VI. He who will have Misfortune to lose the Member of the Body in the Engagement Time, will have the Number Six Six hundred pieces of Eight, and stay on board as long as he will think accordingly.
VII. Quarters Good to give when Crave.
VIII. He who sees the first Sail, will have the best Pistol or Small Sleeve in it.
IX. He who will be guilty of drunkenness at the time of Involvement will suffer what Captain and the Company's Corruption will think accordingly.
X. There is no snapping Weapon in Hold.
Article from John Gow
A set of articles written in John Gow's own hands was found on his ship, The Revenge (nÃÆ' Â © e George ), in 1729. Reference Article IV to not go ashore " until the ship took off "indicates that Vengeance was grounded when the article was written, just days before Gow and his men were arrested. The code states as follows:
Me. That everyone should obey his commander in every way, as if the ship was his own, and as if he received a monthly wage.
II. That no one will give, or discard, the terms of the ship; but everyone has the same part.
III. That no one may open, or declare to anyone or anyone, who they are, or what design they use; and any offending person will be put to death immediately.
IV. That no one will go to the beach until the ship falls to the ground, and is ready to go to sea.
V. That every man should keep his hours and nights; and at eight o'clock in the evening everyone will retire from the game and drink, to attend their respective stations.
VI. Anyone who alludes to this article will be put to death, or in other ways like ship companies should think right.
Henry Morgan and other buccaneer articles
Exquemelin writes in general terms about Caribbean pirate articles from the 17th century. Though he did not relate these articles to a certain pirate captain, Exquemelin almost certainly sailed with Henry Morgan as a doctor, and thus his account probably reflected Morgan's articles more accurately than anyone else or buccaneer at the time.
Exquemelin writes that the pirates "approve certain articles, written, by bond or obligation, that everyone is bound to observe, and all of them, or heads, set their hands for it." Although Exquemelin does not mention the article, the following roughly reflects his description of the law of buccaneers:
Me. The funds of all payments under the article are stock of what an expedition receives, following the same laws as other pirates, ie, No prey, no payment.
II. The compensation was given to the Captain for the use of his ship, and the salary of the carpenter, or shipbuilder, who repaired, cared for, and installed the vessel (the latter usually around 150 from eight). The amount for the terms and winnings is determined, usually 200 pieces eight. Salaries and compensation are determined for the surgeon and the medicine cabinet, usually 250 pieces.
III. Standard compensation is provided for bland and damaged disposal. "Thus they commanded to lose the right arm six hundred pieces of eight, or six slaves, to lose the left arm five hundred pieces of eight, or five slaves, to the right foot five hundred pieces eight, or five slaves, to the left leg four hundred pieces eight , or four slaves, for the eyes of one hundred eight pieces, or one slave, for the same prize fingers as for the eyes.
IV. The stock of booty is provided as follows: "The captain, or commander-in-chief, is given five or six parts for what the ordinary sailors have, the Master Coupon is only two, and the Officers are in proportion to their occupation After they take the same share of the highest down to the lowest sailors, the children were not removed, because even this pulled half of the passage, arguing that, when they took a boat better than their own, it was the duty of the boys to burn the ship or boat in which they be, and then retreat to the prize they have taken. "
V. "In the prize they take, it is strictly forbidden for anyone to take anything, especially for themselves...... Yes, they make serious oaths to each other not to run away , or hide the smallest thing that they find among the prey, and if then someone is found unfaithful, who has broken the oath, immediately he is separated and out of society. "
See also
- Bartolomeu PortuguÃÆ'ªs
- Bartholomew Roberts
- Blackbeard
- Calico Jack
- Stede Bonnet
- Henry Morgan
- Parley, part of the code corresponding to Pirates of the Caribbean (series movie) .
- Piracy in the Caribbean
- Pirates in popular culture
- Distribution of justice
- Ching Shih
References
External links
- Eggs are Really Bad: Pirates of the Caribbean
- Captain John Phillips 1724 Pirate Article
- Charles Johnson, General History of the Most Famous Pyrates Robbery and Murder , London, 1724.
- Benerson Little, Sea Rover Training: Pirate Tactics and Techniques, 1630-1730 . Potomac Book, 2005.
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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