A drill hole is a narrow axis that is bored on the ground, either vertically or horizontally. A drill hole can be constructed for various purposes, including water extraction, other liquids (such as petroleum) or gases (such as natural gas), as part of geotechnical investigations, environmental location assessments, mineral exploration, temperature measurements, as pilot holes to install docks or underground utilities, for geothermal installations, or for underground storage of unwanted substances, for example in carbon capture and storage.
Video Borehole
Usage
Environmental engineers and consultants use the term drill hole to jointly describe all of the various holes drilled as part of a geotechnical investigation or environmental location assessment (called Stage II ESA). These include forward holes for collecting soil samples, water samples or stone cores, to advance in situ sampling equipment, or install monitoring wells or piezometers. Samples collected from boreholes are often tested in the laboratory to determine their physical properties, or to assess levels of various constituents or chemical contaminants.
Typically, the drill hole used as a well is equipped with a vertical pipe (casing) and a well screen to keep the drill hole from caving. It also helps prevent surface contaminants from entering the borehole and protect any installed pumps from the withdrawal of sand and sediment. Oil and natural gas wells are completed in a similar fashion, although they are usually more complicated.
As detailed in the proxy (climate), the measurement of the borehole temperature at different depths can be effectively "inverted" (mathematical formula to solve matrix equations) to help estimate historic surface temperature.
A small diameter drill hole equipped with hot exhangers made of plastic PEX pipe can be used to store heat or cold between the opposite seasons in the original rock mass. This technique is called seasonal thermal energy storage. The media that can be used for this technique ranges from gravel to bedrock. There can be several to several hundred drill holes, and in practice, the depths range from 150 to 1000 feet.
Maps Borehole
History
Drill hole drilling has a long history. At least by the Han Dynasty (202 BC - 220 AD), the Chinese used deep hole drilling for mining and other projects; British synodist and historian Michael Loewe stated that the borehole site could reach as deep as 600 m (2000 ft). K.S. Tom explains the drilling process: "The Chinese deep drilling method is carried out by a group of people who jump and turn off the beams to influence drilling while the tedious tool is played by buffalo and oxen." This is the same method used to extract petroleum in California during the 1860s (ie "Kicking Her Down"). A Western Han Dynasty bronze casting found in Xinglong, Hebei has a mine shaft near a depth of 100 m (328 ft) with a large mining area; The shaft and the room are complete with wooden frames, stairs and iron tools. In the first century BC, Chinese craftsmen drilled iron drill and drillers were able to drill drill holes up to 4800 feet (1500 m) deep. In the eleventh century, the Chinese were able to dig a drill hole to a depth of 3000 feet. Drilling for drill holes takes time and length. Because the depth of the holes varies, one well drilling can last almost a full decade. It was not until the 19th century that Europe and the West would pursue and rival the ancient Chinese drill hole drilling technology.
Over the years, the longest drill hole in the world is the Kola Superdeep drill hole in Russia. From 2011 to August 2012, the record is held by Sakhalin-I Odoptu OP-11 Well which is 12,345 meters (40,502 ft) long, off the Russian island of Sakhalin. The wide well Chayvo Z-44 takes the title of the world's longest drill hole on August 27, 2012. The total depth measured Z-44 is 12,376 m (40,604 ft). However, the ERD well is shallower than the Borehole Kola Superdeep Hole, due to the large horizontal displacement.
Methodology
The drill tool can sink drill holes using drilling rigs or hand-operated rigs. The machines and techniques for advancing the borehole vary according to the manufacturer, geological conditions, and intended purpose. For offshore drilling or offshore supported platforms used for drilling rigs.
See also
- Askam Borehole in Pennsylvania
- Heat drill hole energy storage
- Drill hole disposal in
- The opening of the hole
- Kola Superdeep Borehole
- Vertical seismic profile
References
External links
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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