An apartment (American English), flat (English English) or unit (Australian English) is an independent housing unit (a type of residential real estate ) that occupy only part of the building, generally on one floor. There are many names for this whole building, see below. Ownership of apartment homes also varies greatly, from large-scale public housing, to owner occupancy in what is legally condominium (strata title or commonhold), to renters who rent from private landowners (see rental infrastructure).
Video Apartment
Terminologi
"Flat" vs. "apartment"
Both words refer to an independent residential unit, one with its own front door, kitchen, toilet (room) and bathroom. In some parts of the world, the word apartment refers to units built in a building, whereas the word flat means the units converted in older buildings, usually large houses. Elsewhere the term is interchangeable.
The term apartment is favored in North America (though in some cities it is flat for use in units that are part of a house containing two or three units, usually one to the floor). In the UK, the term apartment is more common in professional real estate and architectural circles where otherwise, the term flat is used in general, but not exclusively, for apartments on one level (hence 'flat' Apartments).
An apartment is in a converted building or house where there is no single room or unit occupying the entire floor alone. Apartments like the division of something bigger.
Apartments can be determined by their readiness to be rented to public makers or larger vacations.
In some countries, the word "unit" is a more general term referring to apartment and rental business suites. The word 'unit' is generally used only in the context of a particular building; for example, "This building has three units" or "I will rent a unit in this building", but not "I will rent the unit somewhere".
Some buildings can be characterized as 'mixed use buildings', which means that part of the building is for commercial, business or office use, usually on the first floor or first floor, and one or more apartments found in the rest of the building, usually upstairs.
With home ownership
Condominiums, public housing, owner occupancy, etc.
Land tenure law refers to the feudal base of a permanent property such as land or lease. These can be found combined as in "Messuage or Tenement" to cover all the land, buildings and other property assets.
In the United States, some residents of apartments have their units, either as cooperatives, where the population owns shares of companies that own buildings or development; or in condominiums, whose residents own their apartments and share ownership of public spaces. Most apartments are in buildings designed for the purpose, but older bigger houses are sometimes divided into apartments. The word apartment shows the unit or part housing in a building. In some locations, especially the United States, it means a rental unit owned by the building owner, and is not usually used for a condominium.
In England and Wales, some flat owners own shares in companies that own rights to buildings and hold flats under lease. This arrangement is commonly known as a flat "flat part of freehold". The freehold company has the right to collect an annual lease from each of the flats owners in the building. Freeholder may also develop or sell buildings, subject to the usual planning and restrictions. This situation does not occur in Scotland, where the rental of previous long-term residential property is unusual, and now it is impossible.
By unit size
Apartment single, one bedroom, etc.; See below.
By building size
The apartment building is a multi-story building where three or more dwellings are contained in one structure. Such buildings can be called apartment buildings, apartment complexes, flat complexes, apartment blocks, towers block , high or, sometimes, house blocks (in English English), especially if it consists of many apartments for rent. A high-rise apartment building is often referred to as an apartment tower , an apartment tower , or a flat block in Australia.
High-rise buildings are determined by their altitudes differently in different jurisdictions. This may be just housing, which in this case may also be called tower blocks, or may include other functions such as hotels, offices, or stores. There is no clear distinction between tower blocks and skyscrapers, although buildings with fifty or more stories are generally regarded as skyscrapers. High-rise buildings become possible with the invention of elevators (lift) and cheaper, more abundant building materials. Their structural system is usually made of reinforced concrete and steel.
Low-rise buildings and medium-rise buildings have fewer levels, but the limits are not always clear. Emporis defines low as "closed structure under 35 meters [115 feet] divided into ordinary floors." The city of Toronto defines a mid-rise as a building between 4 and 12 stories.
By country
In American English, the difference between a leased apartment and a condominium is that while a rental building is owned by one entity and leased to many people, the condominium is individually owned, while the owner still pays monthly or annual fees to build maintenance. Condominiums are often rented by their owners as rental apartments. The third alternative, a cooperative apartment building (or "co-op"), acts as a company with all tenants as shareholders of the building. Tenants in cooperative buildings do not own their apartments, but have a proportionate amount of shares of the entire cooperative. As in condominiums, cooperators pay monthly fees to build maintenance. Co-ops are common in cities like New York, and have gained popularity in other larger urban areas in the US.
In English the usual English word is "flat", but the apartment is used by property developers to show expensive 'flats' in exclusive and expensive residential areas in, for example, parts of London such as Belgravia and Hampstead. In Scotland, it is called a flat block or, if it is a traditional sandstone building, a tenement, a term that has a negative connotation elsewhere.
English English and New Zealand English has traditionally used the term flat (though it also applies to every rental property), and recently also used the term unit or apartment . In Australia, a 'unit' refers to apartments, apartments or even semi-detached houses. In Australia, the terms "unit", "flat" and "apartment" are mostly used interchangeably. The newer higher buildings are more often marketed as "apartments", because the term "flat" carries everyday connotations. The term condo or condo is rarely used in Australia despite efforts by developers to market it.
In South African English, the apartment is usually a one-level lease area that is part of a larger building and can be entered from the building through a separate door leading to a wind tunnel or entrance hall/lobby shared with others. building occupants.
In Malaysian English, flat often shows a two-room, walk-up, non-lift, two-room residential block, usually as high as five floors, and with an outdoor parking space, while the apartment more generic and may also include luxury condos.
In Japanese language loans ( Wasei-eigo ), the term apartment ( apaato ) is used for low-income housing and homes > ( manshono ) is used for upscale apartments; but both terms refer to what English speakers regard as apartments (or condominiums) and not the level of luxury of a home in English. View Housing in Japan. Danchi is a Japanese word for a large group of apartment buildings with a certain style and design, usually built as public housing by government authorities.
Maps Apartment
Types and characteristics
Studio apartment
The smallest self-contained apartment is called a studio, efficiency or single apartment in the US, or flat studio in the UK. These units typically consist of one large main room that serves as a living room, dining room and bedroom combined and usually also includes kitchen facilities, with separate bathrooms. In Korea, the term "one room" ( wonroom ) refers to a studio apartment.
A bedsit is an English variant in single room accommodation: a sitting-bed, perhaps without cooking facilities, with a shared bathroom. A bedsit is not stand alone and not an apartment or flat because this article uses the term; this is part of what the British government calls a Home in many jobs
Garden apartment (USA)
Merriam-Webster defines a garden apartment in American English as a "low-rise residence with lots of lawn or garden" The apartment buildings are often arranged around open courtyards at one end. Such garden apartments have some characteristics of townhouses: each apartment has its own entrance, or shares the entrance through a staircase and lobby adjacent to another unit just above and/or below it. Unlike townhouses, each apartment occupies only one level. Buildings such park apartments are almost never more than three levels, because they usually do not have elevators. However, the first "apartment park" building in New York, USA, built in the early 1900s, was built on five levels. Some garden apartment buildings place a garage of one car under each apartment. The basics of the interior are often landscaped.
Flat park (English)
The Oxford English Dictionary defines the use of "flat parks" in English English as "basement or flat ground floor with views and access to gardens or grass", although the quotation acknowledges that references to the park may be illusory. "Flat Garden" can serve only as a euphemism for dungeons. Large Georgian or Victorian townhouses built with dungeons dug in front of them known as areas, often surrounded by cast iron fences. This lowest floor holds the kitchen, the main place works for the maids, with "trader entrance" through the staircase area. This "underground floor" (another euphemism) has proven to be ideal for conversion to a "flat park" independently. An American term for this arrangement is the British basement.
Ground floor apartment
Generally on the lowest floor of a building.
Secondary suite
When part of a house is altered for use by members of the owner's family, the self-dwelling can be known as "apartment-in-law", "annexe", or "granny flat", though these (sometimes illegally) units are made often occupied by regular tenants than the landlord's relatives. In Canada this is generally located under the main house and therefore the "basement suite". Another term is "accessory residence unit", which may be part of the main house, or a free-standing structure in its yard.
Maisonette
Maisonette (from the French word for "small house") does not have a strict definition, but OED shows "Parts of residential buildings that are occupied separately, usually on more than one floor and have their own entrance outside." This is different from the flat, which is usually achieved through a shared entrance, staircase or corridor.
Discounting "usually", maisonette can include Tyneside flats, one-floor flat on two-storey terraces. Their hallmark is the use of two separate front doors onto the street, each door leading to a flat. "Maisonette" can also stretch to flat cottages, also known as 'four-in-block flats', a common housing style in Scotland.
One residence with two floors
Most apartments are located on one level, making it "flat". Some, however, have two floors, joining internally with stairs, as do many homes. One term for this is "maisonette", as above. Some public housing in the UK is designed as a flat piece of scissors. On a more grand level, the penthouse may have more than one floor, to emphasize the idea of ​​space and luxury.
Two story units in new construction are sometimes referred to as "townhouses".
Small building with multiple one-floor dwellings
"Duplex" refers to two separate units with a common demising wall or ceiling-mount installation.
Duplex descriptions may vary depending on the part of the country but generally have two to four dwellings with doors for each and usually two adjacent but separate front doors - referred to as 'duplex' showing the number of units, not the number of floors, as in some regions of the country they are often only one story.
In the United States, regional forms have evolved, see vernacular architecture. In Milwaukee, a Polish flat or "raised cottage" is an existing little house that has been lifted to accommodate the building of a basement floor that occupies a separate apartment, then rearranged, making it a simple pair of residences. At Sun Belt, a small box-shaped apartment building called dingbats, often with carports below, sprung from the 1950s.
Groups of more than two units have an appropriate name (Triplex, etc.). The buildings that have the third floor are known as triplex. See Three-decker (house).
Loft apartment
This type of apartment was developed in North America in the mid-20th century. The term originally describes living space created in former industrial buildings, usually the 19th century. These large apartments are favored by artists and musicians who want accommodation in big cities (New York for example) and are associated with unused buildings in deteriorated parts of such cities that are illegally occupied by people crouching.
These loft apartments are usually located in former high warehouses and empty factories after city planning regulations and economic conditions in the mid-twentieth century changed. The resulting apartment creates a new bohemian lifestyle and is set in a way completely different from most urban living spaces, often including workshops and art studio space. Since the supply of old buildings that suit their nature has dried up the developers have responded by building new buildings in the same aesthetic with varying degrees of success.
An industrial, warehouse, or commercial space converted into an apartment is usually called loft, although some modern loft is built on the design.
Penthouse
Apartment consisting of upper floors of high-rise apartment building.
Communal apartment
In Russia, a communal apartment (Ã,Â, A typical arrangement is a group of five or more rooms-apartments with a common kitchen and separate bathroom and front door, occupying the floor in a pre-Revolution house. traditional, a room owned by the government and given to the family on a semi-permanent basis.
Serviced Apartment
"Serviced apartments" are any size space for household life that includes regular attendants and cleaning services provided by rental agencies. Serviced serviced apartments or flats were developed in the early 20th century and were briefly fashionable in the 1920s and 30s. They are meant to combine the best features of luxurious and self-contained apartments, often in addition to a hotel. Like a semi-permanent guest installed in a luxury hotel, residents can enjoy extra facilities such as housework, laundry, catering and other services if and when desired.
The feature of this apartment block is a pretty glamorous interior with a luxurious bathroom but no kitchen or laundry room in every flat. This lifestyle became very fashionable as many upscale people found that they were not able to afford as many staff who lived after the First World War and enjoyed the "lock and leave" lifestyle provided by the apartment hotel. Some of the buildings have been renovated with standard facilities in each apartment, but the hotel apartment complexes are being repaired and built. Recently a number of hotels have complemented their traditional business model with serviced apartment flats, creating a private area within their premises - either freehold or infrastructure.
Facilities
Apartments may be available for rent, furnished, or unfurnished where tenants move with their own furniture. Serviced apartment, intended to be comfortable for a shorter stay, including soft furnishings and kitchen utensils, and housekeeping services.
Laundry facilities can be in public areas that are accessible to all tenant buildings, or each apartment may have its own facilities. Depending on when the building is built and its design, utilities such as water, heating, and electricity may be common to all apartments, or apart for each apartment and billed separately for each tenant. (Many areas in the US have decided unauthorized to split water bills among all tenants, especially if the pool is on site.) Outlets for connection to the phone are usually included in the apartment. Phone services are optional and are almost always billed separately from lease payments. Cable television and similar facilities also charge extra. Parking (s), air conditioning, and additional storage space may or may not be included with the apartment. Rental rentals often limit the maximum number of residents in each apartment.
In or around the ground floor of an apartment building, a series of mailboxes are usually stored in publicly accessible locations and, thus, to mail operators. Each unit usually gets its own mailbox with an individual key. Some very large apartment buildings with full-time staff can pick up mail from postman and provide email sorting service. Near the mailbox or some other location accessible to outsiders, a bell (equivalent to a doorbell) may be available for each unit. In smaller apartment buildings such as two or three flats, or even four flats, trash is often dumped in bins similar to those used in homes. In larger buildings, garbage is often collected in public trash cans or garbage cans. For cleaning or minimizing noise, many lessors will place restrictions on tenants related to smoking or maintaining pets in the apartment.
Diverse
In urban areas, apartments close to the city center have the benefit of proximity to work and/or public transport. However, the price per square foot is often much higher than in the suburbs.
Moving from a studio apartment is a one-bedroom apartment, where the bedroom is separated from the rest of the apartment, followed by a two-bedroom apartment, three bedrooms, etc. (Apartments with more than three bedrooms are rare.)
Small apartments often have only one entrance. Large apartments often have two entrances, maybe a door in front and another at the back, or from an underground or other parking structure. Depending on the design of the building, the entrance can be connected directly to the outside or to a common area inside, such as a hallway or lobby.
In most West Coast towns, the need to withstand earthquakes at low building costs has resulted in the construction of many modest apartments of wooden framework with exterior walls and dry walls with plasterboard plaster, though sometimes at three or four levels.
Historical examples
Pre-Columbian America
The Puebloan people of what is now the Southwest United States have built large multi-room dwellings, some comprising over 900 rooms, since the 10th century.
In the classic period of the Mesoamerican city of Teotihuacan, the apartment is not only a standard means to accommodate a city population of over 200,000 inhabitants, but shows a very equitable distribution of wealth for the whole city, even by contemporary standards. In addition, the apartments are populated by the general public as a whole, in contrast to other pre-modern socieites, where apartments are limited to lower-class housing communities, as with the rather contemporary Roman insulae.
Ancient Rome
In ancient Rome, the insulae (insular insula ) was a large apartment building where the lower and middle Romans (plebs) lived. Ground-floor floors are used for tabernas, shops and businesses, with living space on higher floors. Insula in Rome and other imperial cities reach up to ten or more stories, some with over 200 stairs. Some emperors, beginning with Augustus (r.30 BC-14 AD), attempted to set a limit of 20-25 m for a multi-storey building, but met with only limited success. The lower floors are usually occupied by stores or wealthy families, while the upper floors are leased to the lower classes. Surviving Oxyrhynchus Papyri shows that seven-story buildings even exist in provincial cities, as in the 3rd century, Hermopolis in Roman Egypt.
ancient and medieval Egypt
During the Medieval Arab-Islam period, the Egyptian capital Fustat (Old Cairo) housed many high-rise residential buildings, about seven floors that were reported to hold hundreds of people. In the 10th century, Al-Muqaddasi described it as a tower-like tower, and declared that the majority of Fustat residents live in these multi-storey apartment buildings, each accommodating over 200 people. In the eleventh century, Nasir Khusraw described some of these apartment buildings as up to fourteen stories, with roof gardens upstairs complete with water wheels drawn by cattle to irrigate them.
In the 16th century, Cairo now also has a high-rise apartment building, where two floors down is for commercial and storage purposes and some of the stories above them are leased to tenants.
Yemen
High-rise apartment buildings were built in the 16th century Yaman Shibam town. Shibam houses are all made of mud brick, but about 500 of them are tower houses, 5 to 11 stories high, with each floor having one or two apartments. Shibam has been called "Manhattan of the desert". Some of them are over 100 feet (30 m) tall, making it the tallest mudbrick apartment building in the world to this day.
Ancient Chinese
The Hakka in southern China adopted a communal living structure designed to be easily defended, in the form of Weilongwu (???) and Tulou (??). The last one is a large, enclosed and fortified earth building, between three and five stories high and accommodating up to eighty families.
Current example
English
In London, at the time of the 2011 census, 52 percent of all homes were flats. Many are built as Georgian or Victorian homes and are subdivided. Many others are built as flat councils. Many tower blocks were built in England after the Second World War. A number of these have been destroyed and replaced with low-rise buildings or housing.
In the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, the concept of flats was slow to be understood among the English middle class, which generally followed the standards of single northern European family homes that went deep into history. Those who live in the flats are assumed to be lower class and somewhat around, renting for example "flats above shops" as part of lease agreements for merchants. In London and most of Britain, everyone who is able to do it occupies the entire house - even if it is a small terraced house - while the working poor continue to rent rooms on overcrowded properties, with one (or more) families per room.
During the last quarter of the 19th century, as wealth increased, ideas began to change. Both urban growth and population increase mean that a more imaginative housing concept would be needed if the middle and upper classes had to retain pied-ÃÆ' -terre in the capital. Traditional London town homes are becoming increasingly expensive to maintain. For bachelors and unmarried women in particular, the idea of ​​renting modern luxury homes is becoming increasingly popular.
The first mansion house in England is:
- Albert Mansions, built by Philip Flower and designed by James Knowles. These flats were built between 1867 and 1870, and were one of the earliest flat blocks to fill the empty spaces of recently arranged Victoria Street in the late 1860s. Today, only a piece of the building is left, next to Victoria Palace Theater. Albert Mansions is actually 19 separate "homes", each with stairs serving one flat per floor. The tenants include Sir Arthur Sullivan and Lord Alfred Tennyson, whose relationship with the developer family has long been established. Philip Flower's son, 1st Baron Cyril Flower Battersea, developed most of the house blocks on Prince of Wales Drive, London.
- Albert Hall Mansions, designed by Richard Norman Shaw in 1876. Since this is a new type of home, Shaw reduces the risk as much as possible; each block is planned as a separate project, with the construction of each section dependent on the success of the occupation of any flats in the previous block. Gambling pays off and is successful.
Scotland
In Scotland, the term "tenement" does not have the annoying connotations it carries elsewhere, and refers only to every flat block that shares the common center staircase and has no lift, especially those built before 1919. The tenements, by various social classes and income groups. Today's tenements are purchased by various social types, including young professionals, older retirees, and by absent landlords, often for hire to students after they leave residence dormitories managed by their institution. The National Trust for Scotland Tenement House (Glasgow) is a historic home museum that offers insight into the lifestyle of tenant residents, as happened several generations ago.
During the 19th century houses became the main type of new housing in the industrial cities of Scotland, although they were very common in the Old City of Edinburgh from the 15th century, where they reached ten or eleven floors and in one case fourteen floors. Built from sandstone or granite, Scottish tenements are typically three to five stories high, with two to four flats on each floor. (In contrast, industrial cities in the UK tend to favor "back-to-back" terraces.) Scottish tenements are built on terraces, and each entrance in the block is referred to as close > or ladder - both refer to the shared aisle to the individual flats. Flight stairs and landings are usually designated as common areas, and residents traditionally take turns cleaning the floors, and in particular in Aberdeen, alternately utilizing shared laundry facilities in the "rear green" (garden or yard). It is now more common to clean up common ways to be contracted through a manager or "factor".
In Glasgow, where the highest concentration of flats in Scotland can be found, the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s urban renewal projects end the city slum, which consists mainly of old houses built in the early 19th century at where large expansions of families will live together in the cramped conditions. They were replaced by tall blocks that, in decades, became notorious for crime and poverty. The Glasgow company made a lot of effort to improve the situation, most successfully with the City Improvement Trust, which cleared the slums of the old city, replacing it with what they regarded as a traditional highway, which remains an impressive cityscape. (City Hall and Cleland Testimonials are part of this scheme.) National government assistance was granted after World War I when the Housing Act sought to provide "suitable homes for heroes". The suburban area of ​​the park, based on English model, such as Knightswood, was established. This proved to be too expensive, so a modern three-story plot, a roofed slate and built of reconstituted stone, was reintroduced and a slum program began to clear areas such as Calton and Garngad.
After the Second World War, a more ambitious plan, known as the Bruce Plan, was made for the complete evacuation of slums for the construction of modern housing in the city center. However, the central government refused to fund the plan, preferring to reduce the population of the city to a series of New Towns. Again, economic considerations mean that many of the planned "New Town" facilities have never been built in these areas. These estate estates, known as "schemes", are therefore widely considered unsuccessful; many, such as Castlemilk, are just dorms away from downtown without facilities, such as shops and public houses ("desert with windows", as Billy Connolly once said). The high level of life also begins with a bright ambition - Moss Heights, built in the 1950s, is still desirable - but it became the victims of later economic pressures. Many tower blocks are then poorly designed and built cheaply and their anonymity causes some social problems. The demolition of tower blocks to build a modern residential scheme in some cases leads to a reinterpretation of the tenement.
In 1970, a team from Strathclyde University showed that the old tenement houses were basically healthy, and could be given a new life with a clone of providing modern kitchens and bathrooms. The corporation acted on this principle for the first time in 1973 at Old Swan Corner , Pollokshaws. After that, the Housing Action Area was set up to renovate the so-called slums. Later, privately owned tenements benefited from government assistance in "stone cleansing," revealing honey-colored sandstone beneath the alleged "gray" tenement facets. The policy of destroying the tenement is now considered to be short-sighted, wasteful and largely unsuccessful. Many of Glasgow's worst tenement houses were renewed to desirable accommodation in the 1970s and 1980s and the demolition policy was thought to have destroyed fine examples of a universally admired "architecture style". The Glasgow Housing Association took ownership of the public housing stock of the city council on March 7, 2003, and has embarked on a £ 96 million cleansing and unloading program to clean and destroy many high-rise flats.
United States
In 1839, the first New York City tenement was built, and soon became a breeding ground for criminals, juvenile criminals, and organized crime. The tenements, or their squalid landlords, are also known for the price of gouging their rent. How Half Life Others records a tenement district:
Alias ​​Blind Man's bore his name for a reason. Until more than a year ago, his dark burrows harbored a blind beggar colony, a tenant of a blind landlord, the old Daniel Murphy, who every child in the ward knew, if he had never heard of the President of the United States. The "Old Man" made a big fortune - he told me once four hundred thousand dollars - out of his alley and the surrounding houses, just to blind himself in extreme old age, to share ultimately the headaches of the wretched creatures who is so stubborn he refuses to be better that he might increase his wealth. Even when the Health Council finally forced him to repair and clean the worst of the buildings, with the threat of expelling the tenants and locking the door behind them, the work was done against the angry protests of the old man. He appeared personally in front of the Council to debate his case, and his argument was very typical. "I have made my will," he said. "My monument stood waiting for me at Calvary, I stood at the edge of the grave, blind, and helpless, and now (here the way the cry is wiped out in angry anger) do you want me to build and skin, skinned? perfect for staying in a nice house.Let them go where they can, and let my house stand up. "Despite the sad grief of the appeal, it's really funny to find that his anger is provoked less by the anticipated luxury waste in his tenants rather than by the distrust of its own kind, the builder. He knows intuitively what to expect. The results show that Mr. Murphy has measured the tenants correctly.
Many campaigners, such as Upton Sinclair and Jacob Riis, are pushing for reforms in tenements. As a result, the Household Law of Tenement House of New York was ratified in 1901 to improve conditions. More improvements followed. In 1949, President Harry S. Truman signed the Housing Act of 1949 to clear the slums and reconstruct housing units for the poor.
Dakota (1884) is one of the first luxury apartment buildings in New York City. The majority remain in the tenements.
Some significant developments in the architectural design of apartment buildings dating from the 1950s and 1960s. Among them are the innovative designs at 860-880 Lake Shore Drive Apartments (1951), New Century Guild (1961), Marina City (1964) and Lake Point Tower (1968).
In the United States, "tenements" are labels that are typically applied to cheaper and more basic leased apartment buildings in older parts of major cities. Many of these apartment buildings are "walk-ups" without elevators, and some have shared shower facilities, although these are becoming less common. The term "dingbat" slang is used to describe cheap urban apartment buildings from the 1950s and 1960s with a unique and often peculiar façade to distinguish themselves in a complete apartment block. They are often built on stilts, and with parking underneath.
Property class
In the United States, property is usually in one of four classes of properties, denoted by a letter grade. This value is used to help investors and real estate brokers speak common languages ​​so they can understand the characteristics and conditions of the property quickly. They are as follows:
Class A is a luxury unit. They are typically younger than 10 years old and often new, upscale apartment buildings. Average rent is high, and generally in the desired geographic area. White-collar workers live in it and are usually tenants by choice.
Class B can be 10 to 25 years old. They are generally well maintained and have a medium-class tenant base of both white and blue collar workers. Some are tenants by choice, and others because of necessity.
Class C was built in the last 30 to 40 years. They generally have blue and low-to-medium tenants, and rental rates are below market rates. Many tenants are "lifelong" tenants. On the other hand, some of their tenants have just begun and are likely to raise the lease scale when their income rises.
Class D has many tenant housing Section 8 (government subsidized). They are generally located in lower socioeconomic regions.
Canada
Apartments are popular in Canada, especially in urban centers such as Vancouver, Toronto, Ottawa, Montreal, and Hamilton, Ontario in the 1950s to the 1970s. In the 1980s, many multi-unit buildings were being built as condos, not apartments, and both are now very common. In Toronto and Vancouver, high-rise apartments and condos are scattered throughout the city, giving even large suburbs. The robustness of the condominium market in Toronto and Vancouver is based on the lack of availability of land. The average cap rate in the Greater Toronto Area for Q3 2015 reached its lowest level in 30 years. The stamp rate in Q3 2015 reached 3.75 percent, down from 4.2 percent in Q2 2015 and down almost 50 percent from 6.3 percent presented in Q3 2010.
Australia
Apartment buildings in Australia are usually managed by corporate bodies or "owners of companies" where owners pay monthly fees to provide general care and help cover future improvements. Many apartments are owned through strata title. Due to legislation, Australian banks will apply loans for a value ratio of more than 70 percent for title strata of less than 50 square meters, four large Australian banks will not borrow at all for less than 30 square meters of title strata. These are usually classified as studio apartments or student accommodation. Australian legislation imposes a minimum height of 2.4m on the ceiling that distinguishes apartment buildings from office buildings.
In Australia, apartment life is a popular lifestyle choice for DINKY, yuppies, students, and recently vacant, however, the rising value of land in major cities in recent years has seen an increase in families living in apartments. In Melbourne and Sydney, apartment living is sometimes not an issue of choice for many socially disadvantaged people who often end up in public housing towers.
Australia has a relatively recent history in apartment buildings. The terrace house is the initial response to density development, although the majority of Australians live in fully separate homes. Apartments of any kind shall be promulgated in the Queensland Parliament as part of the Distribution of Ineligible Land Acquisition Act 1885.
The earliest apartment buildings exist in major cities in Sydney and Melbourne in response to rapidly rising land values ​​- both cities are home to two of the country's oldest surviving apartment buildings, Kingsclere in Potts Point and The Canterbury Flats in St Kilda. Mansions Melbourne on Collins Street, Melbourne (now demolished), built in 1906 for most of the rich population is believed by many as the earliest. Today the oldest surviving self-contained apartment buildings are in the St Kilda area including Fawkner Mansions (1910), Majestic Mansions (1912 as boarding house) and Canterbury (1914 - oldest surviving building containing flats). Kingsclere, built in 1912 is believed to be Sydney's earliest apartment building and still survive.
During the colonial years, the construction of apartments continues in inner Melbourne (especially in areas such as St Kilda and South Yarra), Sydney (particularly in areas such as Potts Point, Darlinghust and Kings Cross) and in Brisbane (in areas such as New Farm , Fortitude Valley and Spring Hill).
Post World War II, with Dream Australia apartment buildings out of fashion and flats seen as accommodation only for the poor. Flat walk-up (no lift) from two to three floors but common on the outskirts of medium cities for low-income groups.
The main exceptions are Sydney and Gold Coast, Queensland where the development of apartments continues for more than half a century. In Sydney, limited geography and highly sought after seaside scenery (Sydney Harbor and beaches like Bondi) make apartment life socially acceptable. While on the Gold Coast ocean views, close to the beach and a large tourist population make the apartment a popular choice. Since the 1960s, these cities have maintained a much higher population density than other parts of Australia through the reception of apartment buildings.
In other cities, apartment buildings are almost completely confined to public housing. Public housing in Australia is common in major cities, particularly in Melbourne (by the Victoria Housing Commission) where large numbers of flat commissions on hi-rise housing were built between the 1950s and 1970s by successive governments as part of the program urban renewal. Affected areas include Fitzroy, Flemington, Collingwood, Carlton, Richmond and Prahran. Similar projects run in the low socio-economic areas of Sydney such as Redfern.
In the 1980s, modern apartment buildings sprang up on the riverfront in Brisbane (along the Brisbane River) and Perth (along the Swan River).
In Melbourne, in the 1990s, the trend began for apartment buildings without the requirements of spectacular scenery. As a continuation of inner city gentrification, a fashion became a loft apartment in New York (see above) and the large inventory of old warehouses and old office buildings left in and around the central business district became the target developers. The trend of adaptive reuse extended to the conversion of church and old school. Similar warehouse and gentrification conversions begin in Brisbane suburbs such as Teneriffe, Queensland and Fortitude Valley and in Sydney in areas such as Ultimo. When the building inventory for conversion is exhausted, reproduction and post modern-style apartments are followed. The popularity of these apartments also prompted an explosion in the construction of new hi-rise apartment buildings in the inner cities. This is especially the case in Melbourne driven by official planning policies (Zip Code 3000), making the CBD the fastest growing, wise citizen in the country. Apartment buildings in Melbourne's metropolitan area have also increased with the advent of the planning policy of 2030 Melbourne. Urban renewal areas like Docklands, Southbank, St Kilda Road, and Port Melbourne are now mostly apartments. There is also a sharp increase in the number of student apartment buildings in areas such as Carlton in Melbourne.
Regardless of their size, other smaller cities including Canberra, Darwin, Townsville, Cairns, Newcastle, Wollongong, Adelaide and Geelong have begun building apartments in the 2000s.
Today, Eureka Tower and Q1 residential buildings are the highest in the country. In many cases, apartments in the city center in big cities can cost far more than larger homes in the outer suburbs.
Some cities in Australia, such as the Gold Coast, Queensland, are inhabited mainly by apartment dwellers.
See also
- Apartment Rating
- Kamienica in Poland
- List of home types
References
External links
- Definition of an apartment dictionary in Wiktionary
- Apartment house (Architecture) at EncyclopÃÆ'Â|dia Britannica
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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