Neoprene (also polychloroprene or pc-rubber ) is a family of synthetic rubber produced by chloroprene polymerization. Neoprene exhibits good chemical stability and maintains flexibility over a wide temperature range. Neoprene is sold either as a solid rubber or in latex form, and is used in a variety of applications, such as laptop sleeves, orthopedic braces (wrists, knees, etc.), electrical insulation, liquid and sheets applied to elastomeric membranes or flashes, and belts automotive fan.
Video Neoprene
Produksi
Neoprene is produced by the polymerization of free radicals from chloroprene. In commercial production, this polymer is prepared by the polymerization of free radical emulsions. Polymerization begins with the use of potassium persulfate. Bifunctional nucleophiles, metal oxides (eg zinc oxide), and thiourea are used to cross the individual strands of polymer strands.
Maps Neoprene
History
Neoprene was discovered by DuPont scientists on April 17, 1930 after Dr. Elmer K. Bolton of DuPont attended a lecture by Father Julius Arthur Nieuwland, a professor of chemistry at the University of Notre Dame. Nieuwland's research focused on acetylene chemistry and during his work he produced divinyl acetylene, a jelly that forms rubber-like elastic compounds when passed over sulfur dichloride. After DuPont purchased a patent from the university, Wallace Carothers of DuPont took over the commercial development of Nieuwland's invention in collaboration with Nieuwland himself. Arnold Collins at DuPont focuses on monovinyl acetylene and allows it to react with hydrogen chloride gas, making chloroprene.
DuPont first marketed the compound in 1931 under the trade name DuPrene, but its commercial possibilities were limited by the original manufacturing process, which left the product with a foul odor. A new process was developed, which eliminated the byproducts causing the odor and production costs to be split in two, and the company began selling the material to finished product manufacturers. To prevent bad manufacturers from damaging the reputation of the product, DuPrene trademarks are limited to apply only to material sold by DuPont. Since the company itself does not produce the final product containing DuPrene, the trademark was revoked in 1937 and replaced by a generic name, neoprene, in an attempt "to signify that the material is a material, not a finished consumer product". DuPont then works extensively to generate demand for its products, implementing marketing strategies that include publishing its own technical journals, which widely publish the use of neoprene and advertise other companies' neoprene products. In 1939, neoprene sales earned more than $ 300,000 for the company (equivalent to $ 5,277,990 in 2017).
Apps
General
Neoprene is more degradable than natural or synthetic rubber. This relative congestion makes it suitable for demanding applications such as gaskets, hoses, and corrosion resistant layers. It can be used as a base for adhesives, noise insulation in the installation of power transformers, and as a cushion in the case of external metal to protect the contents while allowing convenient fit. It burns better combustion than hydrocarbon-based rubber exclusively, resulting in its appearance in weather stripping for fire doors and in combat-related clothing such as gloves and face masks. Because of its tolerance to extreme conditions, neoprene is used to coat the landfills. The burn point of Neoprene is about 260 ° C (500 ° F).
In the original state, neoprene is a very flexible rubber material with insulating properties similar to rubber or other solid plastic.
Neoprene foams are used in many applications and are produced in closed or open cell form. The form of a closed cell is waterproof, less compressible and more expensive. The form of open cells can breathe. It is manufactured with foamed plastics with nitrogen gas, for the insulation properties of closed and small separated gas bubbles (nitrogen is used for chemical comfort, not because it is superior to air as an insulator).
Civil engineering
Neoprene is used as a load bearing base, usually between two reinforced concrete reinforced concrete elements or a steel plate also to guide the strength evenly from one element to another.
Aquatics
Neoprene is a popular material in the manufacture of protective clothing for aquatic activity. Foamed neoprene is commonly used to make fly fishing and wetsuits, as it provides excellent insulation against the cold. The foam is light enough, and the divers keep up with the weights. The thick wet clothes made at the extreme end of their cold water protection are usually made of 7 mm thick neoprene. Since neoprene foams contain gas pockets, they compress under water pressure, thinner at greater depths; the 7 mm neoprene wet suit offers much less exposure protection under 100 feet of water than on the surface. Recent advances in neoprene for wet clothing are a "super-flexible" variety, which blends spandex into neopren for greater flexibility.
Neoprene waders are usually about 5 mm thick, and in the middle price range compared to cheaper materials such as nylon and more expensive waterproof fabric made with breathing membranes.
Competitive swimwear made out of the most extravagant foam; they must be very flexible to allow swimmers unlimited movement. The drawback is they are quite fragile.
Home accessories
Recently, neoprene has become a favorite material for lifestyle and other home accessories including laptop sleeve, tablet holder, remote control, mouse pads, and chamois cycling. In this market, sometimes competes with LRPu (low resilient polyurethane), which is a stronger (more impact resistant) material but less used.
Music
The Rhodes piano uses the tip of a hammer made of neoprene in its electric piano, having changed from a hammer that was felt around 1970.
Neoprene is also used for speaker cone and drum bearing drills.
Hydroponics gardening
Hydroponic and aerated gardening systems utilize small neoprene inserts to hold the plants in place while spreading cuttings or using clean cups. Inserts are relatively small, ranging from 1.5 to 5 inches (4 to 13 cm). Neoprene is a good choice to support the plant because of its flexibility and softness, allowing plants to be held safely in place without the possibility of causing damage to the stem. Neoprene root covers also help block the light from entering the root room of the hydroponics system, allowing for better root growth and help prevent algal growth.
Automotive Industry
In the automotive industry, neoprene is often used as material for car seats or car seat covers. Because of its wear resistance and protective characteristics, many car makers offer neoprene seats as an option for additional seat protection. The seat covers are also included in the vehicle package for active drivers. Neoprene is based on a rubber coating for seat protection against moisture.
More
Neoprene is used for face masks and Halloween masks used for facial protection, to isolate CPU sockets, to create waterproof car seat covers, in elastomeric roofing membranes or elastomeric coatings applied with liquids and sheets, and in mixed neoprene-spandex for connector manufacture wheelchair position. Because of their chemical endurance and overall durability, neoprene is sometimes used in the manufacture of dishwasher gloves, especially as an alternative to latex. In fashion, neoprene has been used by designers such as Gareth Pugh, Balenciaga, Rick Owens, Lanvin and Vera Wang. This trend, promoted by street style bloggers like Jim Joquico from Fashion Chameleon, gained traction and trickled into mainstream mode around 2014.
Precautions
Some people are allergic to neoprene while others can get dermatitis from the remaining thiourea residue from its production. The most common accelerator in polychloropene vulcanization is ethylene thiourea (ETU), which has been classified as reprotoxic. The European rubber industry project called SafeRubber focuses on alternatives to ETU use.
See also
- Isoprena
- El Gaucho cierra los lunes
- Antequeri
References
External links
- Historical files about Neoprene are available at Hagley Museum and Library
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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