Fort Ricasoli (Maltese: Forti Rika? li ) is a castle fortress in Kalkara, Malta, built by the Order of Saint John between 1670 and 1698. The fort occupies a promontory known as the Gallows' Point and the northern coast of Rinella Bay, which commands the entrance to Grand Harbor along with Fort Saint Elmo. It is the largest castle in Malta, and has been on the tentative list of UNESCO World Heritage Sites since 1998, as part of the Knights Fortress around the Harbors of Malta.
Fort Ricasoli saw it used during the French invasion of Malta in 1798 and the next Maltese uprising, after it ended in the hands of England. Ricasoli was the site of the Froberg rebellion in 1807, and it was also used as a military hospital during the 19th century. It saw it used once again in World War II, when that part was destroyed by air strikes. After it was closed in the 1960s, the castle was used for industrial purposes. Currently, the castle is still largely intact but in a state of disrepair, and is used as a location for filming and tank cleaning facilities.
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Fort Ricasoli stands on the easternmost peninsula on the east side of the Grand Harbor. The cape was originally known as Rinella Point or Punta Sottile . In 1531, two leaders of the slave uprising and ten others took an important role, attempting to take over Fort St. Angelo and escaped from Malta, tortured and then hanged on the peninsula, later known as the Gallows' Point (Maltese: Ponta tal-Forka ) afterwards. During the Great Siege of Malta in 1565, the Ottomans built artillery batteries on the peninsula to bomb Fort St. Elmo.
The small half-circle battery known as the San Petronio Battery, and then as the Orsi battery, was built at Gallows' Point in 1602. On January 18, 1629, the Italian knight Alessandro Orsi finance the construction of the tower near the battery. It is officially called Torre San Petronio , but it is commonly known as Orsi Tower or Torri Teftef by the locals. The tower was built to prevent runaway slaves from the island. The tower and batteries are protected by a moat filled with oceans and suspension bridges. The tower and batteries are visible within 1664 images of Grand Harbor by Willem Schellinks. They remained standing until they were destroyed by the waves in a storm on February 8, 1821, and today only the remaining cough drains from the coal.
In 1644, Giovanni de 'Medici proposed that Fort St. Angelo in Birgu is abandoned and a new fortress is built on Orsi Point. The new fortress is also called the Fort of St. Angelo, and will be manned by an old fort garrison. He drew up a plan for the proposed fortress, but they never implemented it.
Construction and modification
In 1669, fears of an Ottoman attack escalated after the fall of Candia, and the following year Grand Master Nicolas Cotoner invited Antonio Maurizio Valperga, a military engineer from the House of Savoy, to improve the castle of Malta. Valperga designed a new fortress to build on the cape, and despite some criticism from within the order, the decision was finally approved. Florentine Knights, Fra Giovanni Francesco Ricasoli, donated 20,000 to build the fort, and it was named in his honor. The first stone was erected on June 15, 1670, and the initial stage of construction was supervised by Valperga himself. The fortress received a garrison skeleton in June 1674, though it was still incomplete. In 1681, Flemish engineer Carlos de Grunenbergh proposed some changes to the design of the castle, and this recommendation was implemented. Barracks, chapels and other buildings inside the fort were built in the 1680s and 1690s, and the fort was officially declared complete and armed in May 1698.
In 1714, the French engineers Jacop de Puigirand de Tignà © ©, Charles FranÃÆ'§ois de Mondion and Philippe de VendÃÆ''me criticized the small size of the castle fort, which they considered ineffective. De TignÃÆ'  © suggested a number of changes, including fixing existing parapets and jumps, and building retrenchment inside the castle. VendÃÆ'Â'me proposed the construction of a canal separating the fort from the land. In 1722, improvements proposed by de TignÃÆ'  © were implemented, although retrenchment and canals were never built due to lack of funds. The fort was in a bad state in the mid-18th century, and some maintenance work was done in 1761.
In 1785, Ricasoli was armed with eighty guns, including forty-one 24-pounds, making him the heaviest armed stronghold in Malta. Parts of the fort were rebuilt under the direction of Antoine ÃÆ' â € ° tienne de Tousard in the 1790s.
The fort was also used as a prison before Corradino Correctional Facility.
Maps Fort Ricasoli
French Occupation
Fort Ricasoli saw its use during the French invasion of Malta in June 1798, during the French Revolutionary War. At that time, it was ordered by Bali de Tillet, and was given a garrison by Cacciatori , which is a lightweight chasseur infantry regiment. The fortress deflected three French attacks, before surrendering after the Grand Master Hompesch officially surrendered to Napoleon.
In the next uprising and Maltese blockade, the castle remains in the hands of France. The plane continued to shoot in San Rocco batteries, which are located about 700 m (2,300 feet).
English Rules
The castle continues to be an active military installation throughout the British period. It was a 1807 rebellion scene when Albanian soldiers from the Froberg Regiment revolted and confined themselves to Fort Ricasoli. Despite negotiations, they eventually blew up the major gunpowder magazine, causing massive damage to the fortress in the process. The rebellion was canceled by loyal forces, and some rebels were sentenced to death by military courts. The damaged parts of the fort were repaired, but not rebuilt to the original design. A new magazine was built in 1829 to replace the destroyed in the uprising.
The fort was also used as a temporary naval hospital in the late 1820s and early 1830s, before the Bighi Hospital was opened. During the cholera epidemic of 1837, patients infected with the disease at Ospizio di Floriana were transferred to Ricasoli. Most of them died within a few days, and they were buried in the Wied G cemetery? Ammieq nearby. Another cholera epidemic occurred in Ricasoli in 1865.
In 1844, the castle was manned by 500 men. In 1848, Sir John Fox Burgoyne examined the castle of Malta, and regarded Ricasoli as "impenetrable". In the 1850s, artillery of the higher caliber was introduced to the fort, and the weapons were replaced several times over the next few decades. Enceinte into the sea was completely overhauled in 1878, and in the 1900s, where new guns, floodlights and torpedo stations had been installed. In the 1930s, concrete fire control towers were built on bastion No. 2, No. 3 and No. 4, and further floodlights are installed.
Fort Ricasoli was active in defending Malta during World War II, and on July 26, 1941, his weapon helped drive out the Italian attacks on the Grand Harbor. In April 1942, the gates and House of Governors were destroyed by German air bombings. After the war, the castle was commissioned as HMS Ricasoli between 1947 and 1958, and was used as a naval barracks. In 1958, the gate was rebuilt, although the design was slightly different from the original. The Governor's House was never rebuilt, especially for financial reasons. In 1964, Admiralty transferred the castle's control to the Maltese government.
Recent history
Industrial use
Once the fortress was handed over to the Malta government, it was initially abandoned but later became a container depot for raw materials arriving in Malta. In 1976, a part of the ditch near Ravelin Left was filled, and the St. Dominic Demi-Bastion is broken to open a new road.
In 1964, the castle moat became a tank cleaning ranch for Malta Drydocks. Depot, known as the Ricasoli Tank Cleaning Facility, treats liquid waste from ships that arrive at the Great Harbor and removes oil and other chemicals before releasing waste into the ocean. The facility is privatized in 2012, and is currently under the management of Waste Oils Co. Ltd.
The area around the castle eventually became an industrial park, known as the Industrial Area of ​​Ricasoli after the castle. Industrial area destroyed in 2007 to pave the way for SmartCity Malta.
Movie location
Most of the castles are rented out to the Malta Film Commission, and have been widely used as locations for various films and serials. In recent years, a large set was built inside the walls for the film Gladiator (2000), Troy (2004) and Agora (2009). In these films, the castle stands in Rome, Troy and Alexandria respectively. The fort was also used in the movie creation of Assassin's Creed (2016).
TV miniseries Julius Caesar (2002) and Helen of Troy (2003) were also filmed partly in Fort Ricasoli. A set dubbed the Roman Road was built for Julius Caesar and it has been preserved and used for other movies.
The first season of HBO adaptation of George R. R. Martin's Game of Thrones uses various parts of the castle to represent Red Keep.
Current condition
Today, Fort Ricasoli is largely intact, albeit in a dilapidated state. The cape built above is susceptible to coastal erosion, and some walls between the numbers 3 and 4 bastions have collapsed into the sea. In 2004, the Ministry of Resources and Infrastructure Recovery Unit moved, restored and reassembled the walls of the fort, but nothing had been done to restore the entire fort.
In May 2015, the Democratic Alternative and several NGOs suggested that the University of America's proposed Malta campus should be shared between Fort Ricasoli and Fort Saint Rocco and nearby Fort San Salvatore. This proposal will not be implemented, because the campus will be divided between Dock No. 1 in Cospicua and? Onqor Point in Marsaskala.
By 2015, there is no public access to Fort Ricasoli.
Layout
Fort Ricasoli has an irregular plan following the coastline on the peninsula built on it. The fort is made up of a bastioned land front and outworks, an enceinte overlooking the sea, and a tenaille trail overlooking Rinella Bay at Grand Harbor.
Land front
The land front consists of the following bastions and demi-bastions, connected together by the curtain wall:
- St. Dominic's Demi-Bastion, also known as Left Demi-Bastion or No 5 Bastion - the demi-bastion at the north end of the land front. It was damaged during the 1807 Froberg rebellion, when his magazine was blown up.
- St. Francis Bastion, also known as Central Bastion or No. 6 Bastion - a pentagonal fortress in the center of the land front. It contains cross and closed abris.
- St. John Demi-Bastion, also known as the Demi-Bastion Right or No 7 Bastion - by-castle at the southern end of the mainland.
Land front contains casemates, used as barracks.
The further land front is protected by the following homework:
- a faussebraye in the form of a masterpiece that surrounds the entire land.
- St. Dominic Counterguard - an army stationed near the left extremity of the frontland. It was severely damaged by the action of seawater, with half of the structure having collapsed.
- two ravelins of triangle between Castle St. Francis and one of the fortresses. The Left Ravelin contains a 6-inch (152mm) breaking weapon.
- two caponiers lead from front of land to each ravelins. Extensive modifications were made to their structure by the UK.
The outer work is surrounded by a moat, a covered walkway and a glacier.
Sea front enceinte
The enceinte facing the open sea consists of the following bastion and curtain walls:
- No. 1 Bastion - a by-bastion connected to a tenaille, forming a Point Battery. Originally containing an echaugette but this was dismantled to make way for the directing station for the Brennan Torpedo System. The rifle gun for a 12.5-inch RML rifle is located 38 ton on the fort's face.
- No. 1 Curtain - curtain wall between bastion No. 1 and No. 2, contains a locked battery and a gloss highlight.
- No. 2 Bastion - an asymmetric bastion containing embrasures, and various British gun emplacements, magazines and fire control towers.
- No. 2 Curtains - the curtain wall between no 2 and 3 bastions, contain embrasures, an expenditure magazine (where ammunition intended for immediate use is stored) and a gloss highlight.
- No. 3 Bastion - flat-faced castle, containing embrasures and various British gun emplacements, magazines, and fire control towers.
- a curtain wall near No. 4 Bastion, contains embrasures, magazines, and port sally. Part of the curtain wall had collapsed into the sea.
- No. 4 Bastion - a small bastion, containing gun emplacements, magazines, gun crew shelters and fire control towers.
- No. 5 Curtains - curtain wall between no. 4 Bastion and St. Dominic Demi-Bastion from the ground front, containing guns, magazines and gun crew shelters.
A trench filled with shallow rocks extends from No. 1. 1 to 3 bastions.
Tracks of ten towers
The enceinte along Rinella Bay consists of a trail of ten with high walls. The main gate of the castle lies within the neighborhood. House of the Governor (now dismantled) and Chapel of St. Nicholas is located inside the castle, close to the main gate.
Sewers made of stone from Orsi Battery can still be seen at the northern end of the tenlock, at the tip of the peninsula.
Inggris membangun Stasiun Brennan Torpedo dekat jejak pada akhir abad ke-19.
Bacaan lebih lanjut
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Quintano, Anton (1977). Henry Frendo, ed. "Fort Ricasoli: A Historical Survey, 1670-1798" (PDF) . Storja . Universitas Malta. 78 (13): 164-165.
Referensi
Bacaan lebih lanjut
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Quintano, Anton (1999). Ricasoli, Malta: History of a Fort . Penerbit Enterprises Group (PEG), Limited. ISBN: 9789990902433. Â
Tautan eksternal
- Inventaris Nasional Properti Budaya Kepulauan Maltese
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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