The word "Words of Wisdom" is the common name of the Doctrine and Covenants section, a book considered by many churches in the Latter-day Saint movement to consist of revelations from God. It is also the code name of health based on this scripture, practiced most closely by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) and Mormon fundamentalists, and to a lesser extent, some other Latter-day Saint denominations. In the LDS Church, obedience to the Word of Wisdom is today a prerequisite for baptism, serving in full-time missionary work, attendance at church schools, and entering church temples; however, code violations are not considered as a reason for excommunication or other disciplinary action.
The text prohibits "liquor" and wine (in some cases it includes sacramental wine that has been replaced with sacramental water in some sects), non-medical tobacco use, "hot beverage", and meat used more than "thrifty". The scriptures also recommend the consumption of herbs, fruits, and grains, and "soft drinks" based on whole grains. As the LDS Church does, there are no strict restrictions on meat consumption, but all alcoholic beverages are prohibited, including beer. The LDS church interprets "hot drink" to mean coffee and tea.
Video Word of Wisdom
Originals and publications
According to Joseph Smith, founder of the Latter-day Saint movement, the Word of Wisdom was received in 1833 as a revelation from God. After Smith's death, Brigham Young stated that the revelation was given in response to the problems encountered during a meeting at the Smith family's home:
When they gather together in this room after breakfast, the first thing they do is turn on their pipe, and, while smoking, talk about the great things of the kingdom, and spit on the whole room, and as soon as the pipe comes out of their mouth they chew big tobacco then will be taken. Often when the Prophet [Joseph Smith] enters the room to instruct the school, he will find himself in a cloud of tobacco smoke. This, and his wife's complaints of having to clean the very filthy floor, made the Prophet think about it, and he asked the Lord regarding the behavior of the Elders in using tobacco, and the revelation known as the Word of Wisdom was the result of his question.
The Word of Wisdom was first published as a stand-alone data sheet in December 1833. In 1835, it was included as part 89 in the first edition of the Doctrine and Covenants.
Maps Word of Wisdom
Word of Wisdom of revelation
The revelation contains four parts:
- introduction;
- a list of substances that should not be digested, including wine, liquor, tobacco, and "hot drinks";
- list of foods to be used, some with certain limitations; and
- Divine promise to those who follow the guidelines.
Introduction
Introduction and explanations presented by Smith are:
The Word of Wisdom, for the benefit of the high priest's council, gathered in Kirtland, and the church, as well as the saints in Zion - To send a speech; not by command or obstacle, but through revelation and words of wisdom, showing the order and will of God in salvation while all the saints in the last days - Given the principle with promise, adapted to the weak and weakest capacities of all saints, who or can be called saints. Behold, verily, thus saith the Lord unto you: As a result of evil and design done and will be in the hearts of those who conspire in the last days, I have warned you, and warned you, by giving you this word of wisdom by revelation- -
Prohibition
Among the substances that revelation indicates should not be digested, the first is "wine or liquor", which revelation says should not be drunk. (An exception is allowed for the use of your own "homemade wine" as part of the ordinance of the sacrament, though the current LDS Church uses water instead of wine.) Revelation also suggests that no tobacco and "hot drinks" be consumed.
The Word of Wisdom revelation also suggests the proper use for some prohibited substances. While "liquor" is not digested, they are worth using "to wash your body"; Similarly, while tobacco consumption by humans is prohibited, tobacco is said to be "an ingredient for bruising and all sick animals, for use with judgment and skill."
Recipes
The list of foods and substances generated by revelation includes "healthy concoctions [and] every fruit in its season" and "that produce fruit, whether on the ground or on the ground." It also regulates the use of "all grains", described as "life staff, not just for humans but for animals in the field." Barley and other grains are recommended for use in making "soft drinks".
"The animals of the field, and the birds of heaven, and all the wild animals that run or crawl on the earth" can be used as food "sparingly" and "with thanksgiving."
Revelation states that it pleases God if this recommendation is not used, "only in winter, or cold, or hunger" and the time of "excess hunger".
Divine Promise
The Word of Wisdom states that it consists of "principle with promise". The promises given to those who follow the advice of the word wisdom are as follows:
And all the saints who remember to keep and do these words, walk in obedience to the commandments, will receive health in their navel and marrow up to their bones; and will find wisdom and treasures of great knowledge, even hidden treasures; and will run and not get tired, and have to walk and not faint. And I, the Lord, gave unto them a promise, that the destructive angel shall pass over them, as the children of Israel, and not slay them.
Application by Joseph Smith
Initially, obeying the recommendations and prohibitions of the Word of Wisdom is not considered obligatory: it explicitly states itself "not by command or limitation". In February 1834, however, Joseph Smith proposed a resolution before the high council of the church stating, "No official member in this Church is worthy to hold office after the word wisdom is properly taught, and he, an official member, neglects to obey and obey it. "This resolution was adopted unanimously by the council.
In 1842, brother Smith Hyrum, who was Assistant to the President of the Church and his patriarchal leader, provided an interpretation of the wise words of "hot drink":
And again, "hot drinks are not for the body, or the stomach;" there are many who wonder what this means; whether it refers to tea, or coffee, or not. I say it refers to tea, and coffee.
According to a book written by LDS missionary and hymnographer Joel H. Johnson in 1881, Joseph Smith shared Hyrum's interpretation:
I understand that some people forgive themselves in using tea and coffee, because God only says "hot drink" in the revelation of the Word of Wisdom.... Tea and coffee... is what God means when He says "hot drink".
The charge of "not observing the Words of Wisdom" was one of five addressed to David Whitmer on 13 April 1838, which led to excommunication. However, contemporary records show that Joseph Smith was not, himself, a strict observer. Smith was recorded at various times such as tea, beer and wine. There are reports that he also smokes tobacco: according to Amasa Lyman, a member of the First Presidency under Smith, Smith after he had finished preaching the Word of Wisdom and soon afterwards roamed the streets while smoking a cigar. According to Lyman, this is just one of the many instances in which Smith "attempted the faith of the Saints... by his peculiarities." (A modern commentator states that this may have been done by Smith to ensure that his followers' beliefs are based on Latter-day Saint religion and not on Smith's personality or leadership.)
On August 19, 1835, Almon W. Babbitt was brought before the high council of the church with three charges. On the charge of "disobeying the Wise Words", Babbitt states "that he has taken the liberty to violate the Word of Wisdom, from the example of President Joseph Smith, Jun., And others, but admits it is wrong."
In 1838, Smith operated a hotel/tavern in Far West, Missouri. In June 1838, Far West's high council felt compelled to remind the Smith family that there was a ban on the sale and consumption of "passionate spirit in place".
Interpretation by leaders of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
Emphasized by Brigham Young
After Smith's death, several factions emerged from the Latter-day Saint movement. The greatest of these groups, The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), is led by Brigham Young. At the church general conference held on September 9, 1851, Young asked the audience to "abandon the use" of the items mentioned in the Word of Wisdom:
Patriarch [John Smith] again rises to speak of the Word of Wisdom, and urges you to stop using tobacco, & amp; c.
Young President rose to deliver the motion and asked all the sisters who would abandon the use of tea, coffee, & c, to make it happen by raising the right hand; seconded and brought.
And then place the following motion; call all the under-ninety-year-old boys who will promise to abolish the use of tobacco, whiskey, and all that is mentioned in the Wise Words, to make it happen in the same way , which is done unanimously. "
The Leader then says, may God bless you and help you to obey all your covenants. Amin.
President Young among other things says he knows the goodness of the people, and God bore with our weaknesses; we must serve the Lord, and those who go with me will obey the Word of Wisdom, and if the High Priests, Seventies, Elders, and others will not serve the Lord, we will break them from the Church. I will draw a line, and know who to God and who is not, and those who will not keep the Word of Wisdom, I will be cut off from the Church; I throw away the challenge for all men and women.
Although Young encourages Mormons to follow the Code of Wisdom, the church is tolerant of those who do not follow it. In 1860, he counseled those who chew tobacco in church meetings to be at least cautious and not excessive, but do not demand users with sin. However, in 1870, he ended the practice of chewing and spitting tobacco in the Salt Lake Tabernacle.
Young also recognizes the separation between using tobacco (the despair), and selling it to non-Mormons as a business (which is encouraged). He also owns and manages a bar in Salt Lake City for the sale of alcoholic beverages to non-Mormon travelers, with the theory that it is better for the LDS Church authorities to run the company than for outsiders.
Meat
The Word of Wisdom states that "the flesh of animals and birds in the air... must be used sparingly", and that "it is pleasing to [God] that they should not be used, only in winter, cold or hunger. "Unlike orders against tobacco, alcohol, and hot drinks, however, compliance with this order is never made mandatory.
Many leaders of the LDS Church have expressed their views on the issue of meat. In 1868, Brigham Young Church chairman counseled, "Meat should be used sparingly, in hunger and cold." In 1868, Apostle George Q. Cannon said, "We were told that meat of any kind is not suitable for humans in the summer, and should be eaten frugally in winter." From 1897 to 1901, the apostle and then church president Lorenzo Snow repeatedly emphasized the importance of eating flesh sparingly, teaching that church members should refrain from eating meat except in the case of terrible needs, and that this must be seen in light of Smith's teachings that animals have a spirit. In 1895, Snow stated, "Unless extreme hunger or cold is upon us, we must refrain from the use of the flesh." Apostle George Teasdale taught the same thing, and argued that eating pork is a more serious offense of the Word of Wisdom than drinking tea or coffee. When Joseph F. Smith succeeded Snow as president of the church in 1901, he preached regularly against the "unnecessary destruction of life", and emphasized the goodness of animals and the importance of human imperatives to them.
Despite these statements, restricting meat consumption makes no explicit requirement for eligibility in the LDS Church as the standard for adherence to Words of Wisdom is made increasingly important for the doctrine and practice of the LDS Church in the early 20th century. The increasing emphasis on the Word of Wisdom occurred during the presidency of Heber J. Grant, the longstanding enthusiastic promoter of the Word of Wisdom. Although Grant does not limit the consumption of meat as an explicit standard part, he continues to interpret it as part of counsel in the Word of Wisdom. In the 1937 General Conference, at the age of 80, Grant said he worked long hours "without fatigue and without any injury." She attributes her great health, in part, to eating a little meat.
Since Grant's presidency, the emphasis on limiting meat consumption has been reduced, but there are some church leaders who have taught this. In an LDS general conference address in 1948, the apostle Joseph F. Merrill stressed the importance of not eating meat as "free as many Americans do". In 1950, apostolic and plant scientist John A. Widtsoe wrote, in connection with the consumption of the flesh, "those who wish to be good and obtain the promised reward expressed in the Word of Wisdom must obey all laws, not only part of it as according to desire them or their appetite, or their idea of ​​its meaning. "As recently as 2012, official church spokesman Michael Otterson stated" the church has also encouraged the restriction of meat consumption for the sake of grains, fruits and vegetables. today, the LDS Church hymn includes a song of praise with the following lyrics:
That children can live long/And be beautiful and strong,/Tea and coffee and tobacco they hate,/drink liquor, and they eat/But little meat;/They try to be great and kind and wise.
A student manual published by the church has suggested that the suggestion that meat consumption be limited to winter may be to some degree a historical relic from the time when "Words of Wisdom" was delivered by Smith:
This verse has caused some people to ask whether meat should be eaten in the summer. Meat has more calories than fruits and vegetables, which some individuals may need less in the summer than winter. Also, before fruits and vegetables can be preserved, people often do not have enough food to eat in the winter. Spoiled meat can be fatal if eaten, and in earlier times spoiled meat is easier in the summer than winter. Modern cooling methods now make it possible to keep meat in every season. Keywords regarding meat use are frugal .
Beer
The Word of Wisdom partially states,
16. All wheat is good for human food; as well as grapes; what produce fruit, whether in the ground or on the ground-- 17 But the wheat for the people, and the corn for the ox, and the wheat for the horse, and the grain for the poultry and the pigs, and for every beast of the field, and barley for all the useful animals, and for soft drink, other grain.
Revelation suggests that barley-based soft drinks (such as beer) can be allowed. Most recently in 1901, the apostles Brigham Young, Jr. and John Henry Smith argues that the revelation does not prohibit beer. However, leaders of the LDS Church now teach that the consumption of all forms of alcohol, including beer, violates the Word of Wisdom.
Processed grain products
In a pamphlet written in 1930 entitled Wise Word , the apostle John A. Widtsoe taught that processed flour contradicts the Word of Wisdom. However, the church never forbade the use of processed flour.
Standard compliance
Compliance with the prohibition of the Word of Wisdom made no requirement to enter the temples of the LDS Church until 1902. However, even then, church president Joseph F. Smith encouraged stake presidents to become liberal with tobacco-aged parents and drinking older women tea. Of those who break the revelation, it is mainly the habitual drunken out of the temple. Around the turn of the century, the Word of Wisdom demands are not strictly adhered to by leading church leaders. Anthon H. Lund, First Counselor in the First Presidency, drinking beer and wine; apostle Matthias F. Cowley drank beer and wine; Charles W. Penrose, who also served as First Counselor in the First Presidency, drank wine; Relief Society general president Emmeline B. Wells drinks coffee; and church chairman George Albert Smith drank brandy for medicinal purposes. In 1921, church president Heber J. Grant made obedience to the Word of Wisdom demands an absolute requirement to enter the temple.
Today, obedience to the Word of Wisdom demands is necessary for baptism and to enter the LDS Church temples. The BYU historian Thomas G. Alexander points out that while the original Words of Wisdom as "principle with promise" is given by revelation, there is no evidence that every church leader has claimed a separate new revelation, or even spiritual confirmation, to change the Word of Wisdom from "a principle with a promise "to a command.
Official modern interpretation
The church's official statement on the interpretation of the Word of Wisdom is brief: it reaffirms the old meaning of "hot drink" and extends the substance covered by the prohibition:
The only official interpretation of the "hot drink" (D & C 89: 9) in the Word of Wisdom is a statement made by early Church leaders that the term "hot drink" means tea and coffee.
Members may not use any substance containing illegal drugs. Members shall not use hazardous substances or habitors except under the care of competent physicians.
Although avoiding the prohibition of the Word of Wisdom is a requirement to enter the LDS Church temples, the transgression of the Word of Wisdom no longer produces church discipline, as it once did; The Church instructed its leaders that church discipline "should not be used to discipline or threaten members who disobey the Word of Wisdom."
The LDS LDS leader has counseled church members that they should have no personal interpretation, or be extreme in their obedience to the Word of Wisdom. A church leader specifically warns that adding additional illegitimate requirements, emphasizing it with excessive zeal, or making it a "hobby of the gospel" is a sign of spiritual immaturity and sometimes apostasy.
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Alcohol
The ban on "wine or liquor" is widely regarded as a comprehensive ban of all alcoholic beverages, regardless of the level of alcohol content of the drink.
Hot drinks
Generally, church members see a ban on "hot drinks" as coffee and tea cover, whether the drink is hot or not. Generally considered to be no prohibition against herbal tea; hot chocolate; coffee substitutes like Postum; or a malt drink like Ovaltine or Milo. Other members choose to ban themselves from drinking any beverages that contain caffeine.
Cola and other caffeinated beverages
A long-standing problem among church members is whether it is allowed to consume caffeine-containing beverages that are not coffee or tea. In 1918, Frederick J. Pack, a professor of Latter-day Saints at the University of Utah, published an article in an official church magazine where he reasoned that since Coca-Cola contains caffeine, which is also present in tea and coffee, People Everyday Saints must abstain from Coca-Cola in the same way as they abstain from the Wise Words of "hot drink". Since the Pack article, many Latter-day Saints have come to believe that the reason tea and coffee are banned is the presence of caffeine in drinks. However, the church has never stated that this is the reason for the ban:
The Church has no official position on the consumption of caffeinated beverages, despite the general claim that the Word of Wisdom does not specifically mention it. In 2012, in response to Mormonism's report on NBC's Rock Center with Brian Williams, which claims that LDS is faithfully banned from drinking caffeine, the church writes:
Regardless of what is reported, the Church's revelation spelling health practice (Doctrine and Covenants 89) does not mention the use of caffeine. The Church's health guidelines prohibit alcohol, tobacco or chewing tobacco, and "hot drinks" - taught by Church leaders to refer specifically to tea and coffee.
In the past, a number of church leaders have shrunk the use of these products. For example, in 1922, church president Heber J. Grant advised Latter-day Saints:
I will not give any orders, but I will ask that as a personal and personal assistance to me, to let coca-cola [ sic ] alone. There are many other things you can get in soda fountains without dangerous drinking. God does not want you to use any drug that creates lust for itself.
Two years after making this statement, Grant met with representatives of The Coca-Cola Company to discuss the church's position at Coca-Cola; at the conclusion of their second meeting, Grant stated that he "believes I have no desire whatsoever to recommend that people leave Coca-Cola alone if [the amount of [caffeine in Coca-Cola] is completely harmless, which they claim. "Grant never spoke again against the use of cola drinks.
About fifty years later, the church issued an official statement stating:
With reference to cola drinks, the Church has never officially taken a position on this issue, but Church leaders have suggested, and we are now specifically advocating, against the use of any drink containing harmful custom-forming drugs in circumstances that will result in obtaining the habit. Any drink containing harmful ingredients for the body should be avoided.
Because of such statements, some believers believe that caffeine is officially banned under the Word of Wisdom. In the mid-1950s, the food service director for Brigham Young University, a college owned by the LDS Church, decided not to sell caffeine on campus. This changed in September 2017 when the BYU Food Services director today announced that caffeinated beverages will be sold on campus. Wright says this is the result of changes in customer preferences. Official church publications sometimes publish articles by medical practitioners who warn of health risks of caffeine consumption. However, in November 2010, the Salt Lake Tribune noted that at the Church 2010 Handbook, which sets the church's official position on health and social issues, there is no position in drinking Coca-Cola or caffeinated beverages are also included. The Salt Lake Tribune concluded that the church "does not take official position on caffeine".
More areas
Speculation also exists regarding the use of alcohol as a cooking ingredient or the use of decaffeinated coffee or tea. The LDS Church also does not take a formal stand.
Medical study of Latter-day Saints
A 14-year selective study conducted by UCLA epidemiologist James E. Enstrom tracked the health of 10,000 members of the fairly active LDS Church in California and ended in 1987. From non-smoking, non-monogamous drinkers, Enstrom concluded from a study "that Member LDS Churches that follow the religious mandate that prohibits smoking and drinking alcohol have one of the lowest death rates from cancer and cardiovascular disease - about half the general population.... In addition, the healthiest members of the LDS Church enjoy life expectancy of eight to eleven years. of the white population in the United States. "The standard mortality ratio (SMR) for whites in the general population is defined as 100. For men in the study, SMRs were" 47 for all cancers, 52 for cardiovascular disease, and 47 for all cause: SMR for women is 72 for all cancers, 64 for cardiovascular disease, and 66 for all causes. "For the LDS high priest who exercises, sleeps well, and never smokes, the mortality rate is less. The results were largely duplicated in a separate study of the LDS subgroup consisting of non-smoking church people in Alameda County, California.
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