Government incentives for plug-in electric vehicles

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Government incentives for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles have been set by several national governments and local authorities around the world as financial incentives for plug-in electric vehicle vehicles to consumers. This primarily includes tax exemptions and tax credits, and additional facilities ranging from access to the bus line to the waivers of charges (charging, parking, tolls, etc.). The amount of these incentives usually depends on the size of the battery and all-electric range vehicles, and some countries extend the benefits for fuel cell vehicles, and the conversion of electric vehicles from hybrid electric vehicles and conventional internal combustion engine vehicles. The IEA stipulates that, by 2016, 0.2% of all passenger vehicles (about 2 million) currently on roads worldwide are electricity.

The total world energy consumption as a whole by sector represents 9,426 Million Ton of Oil Equivalent (Mtoe) in 2014, 28% of which is attributed to transportation alone, accounting for 5% increase from 1971 statistics. In addition, 23% of worldwide Greenhouse Gas (GHG) emissions can also be transported. Thus, the electrification of the transport sector is an area of ​​opportunity for governments to cut their greenhouse gas emissions, which is why they are starting to fight for policies that increase the adoption rate of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles.

Video Government incentives for plug-in electric vehicles

Asia

China

The Chinese government adopted the plan in 2009 with the aim of turning the country into one of the leaders of electric and hybrid vehicles by 2012. The government's intention is to create the world's leading industry that will generate jobs and exports, and to reduce urban pollution and oil dependence. However, one study found that although local air pollution would be reduced by replacing gasoline cars with similar-sized electric cars, it would reduce greenhouse gas emissions by only 19%, as China uses coal for 75% of its electricity production.

The Chinese government uses the term new energy vehicle (NEVs) to designate plug-in electric vehicles, and only pure electric vehicles and plug-in hybrid electric vehicles are subject to purchase incentives. On June 1, 2010, the Chinese government announced a pilot program to provide incentives of up to 60,000 yuan (~ US $ 9,281 in June 2011) for personal purchases of new battery electric vehicles and 50,000 yuan (~ US $ 7,634 in June 2011) for hybrid plug-ins in five cities. The cities participating in the pilot program are Shanghai, Shenzhen, Hangzhou, Hefei, and Changchun. Subsidies are paid directly to car manufacturers rather than consumers, but the government expects the price of vehicles to be reduced. The amount of subsidies will decrease after 50,000 units are sold. In addition to subsidies, the Chinese government plans to introduce, starting January 1, 2012, the exclusion of annual taxes for pure electric vehicles, fuel cells, and plug-in hybrid vehicles. Hybrid vehicles will qualify for a 50% reduction only.

In 2011, only 8,159 electric cars were sold in China despite a subsidy of 120,000 yuan. Unsubstituted lead acid EV is produced without government approval at a rate of more than 30,000 per year in Shandong and does not require a SIM because the top speed is less than 50 km/h. It costs 31,600 yuan and has been the target of criticism from major car manufacturers.

The joint announcement in September of 2013 by the National Development and Reform Commission and finance, science and industry ministries confirmed that the central government would provide a maximum of US $ 9,800 for the purchase of passenger electric vehicles and up to US $ 81600 for the electric bus. Subsidies are part of the government's efforts to tackle the problematic air pollution in China.

As a result of government support and new incentives issued in 2014, the production of new energy vehicles between January and August reached 31,137 units, up 328% from the same period in 2013. Domestic production during the first eight months of 2014 includes 6,621 plug- hybrids and 16,276 all-electric cars.

In addition, for further electric vehicle production, China endorses measures to increase the number of electric vehicles on the road. The original policy states that companies with vehicle sales of more than 30,000 vehicles must comply with the new rules surrounding the NEV. Each company is required to meet a number of NEV credits, by 8% by 2018. This target is then pushed to 2019, with a requirement of 12% by 2020. This credit is provided by fuel efficiency and vehicle weight, thus more fuel-efficient vehicles for calculate more credit. Initially, these credits are granted in accordance with the vehicle's reach, but the latter policy provides a more sustainable way of determining credit. The credit details in the original proposal are given below:

In the last policy, credit is given by the formula: (0.012 ÃÆ'â € "0.8) electric range ÃÆ'â €" adjustment factor. This credit is limited to 6. In addition, this credit can be purchased and sold. [2]

In February 2018, to further promote energy-efficient electric vehicles, China raised subsidies for electric vehicles meeting additional coverage requirements. Electric vehicle incentives for cars with a range of at least 400 km increased from 44,000 yuan to 50,000 yuan, while vehicles with a distance of less than 150 km were removed from the list of vehicles eligible for incentives. Changes were also made to the incentive structure for buses and electric trucks. The bus must now have a minimum reach of 150 km and has an energy consumption of less than 0.7 Wh/kmÃ, kg. [3]

India

In November 2010, the Government of India (GoI), through the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy (MNRE), announced a subsidy of INR950 million for electric vehicles. This subsidy benefits up to 20% of the ex-factory price, with a maximum benefit of INR100,000 for electric cars, INR4,000 for two-wheeled vehicles, INR5,000 for two-wheeled high-speed vehicles, INR400,000 for minibus electricity, and INR60,000 for three-wheeled vehicles. To claim subsidies, manufacturers need to state that 30% of the components are made in India. This scheme ends on March 31, 2012.

In April 2014, the Indian government announced a new plan to provide subsidies for hybrid and electric vehicles. The plan will have subsidies of up to INR150,000 for cars and INR30,000 for two-wheeled vehicles. India aims to have seven million electric vehicles on the road by 2020.

There are no subsidies or incentives for hybrids and imported vehicles, which act as a barrier for newcomers. To meet GoI goals under the Paris Agreement, the Government of Indonesia has set a deadline for 'Only Electric Vehicles (Manufacturers') by 2030. Although very ambitious as it seems, there is an increasing recognition among policy makers to provide incentives to manufacturing electric vehicles under the 'Make In India' Policy, and a new framework policy for this will be released by the end of the year, 2017. In addition, infrastructure for charging electric vehicles is also being considered; provided either through existing energy retailers such as fuel pumps or by subsidizing producer investments in the field.

Tesla Motors has offered tax incentives and potential financial support through Special Purpose Vehicles ('SPV's) to establish domestic manufacturing units in India. Although, there are local resource norms of 30%, entrants to electric vehicles have been excluded. However much will depend on the government's plan to subsidize the vehicle, due to its high upfront costs, which will determine the potential for a shift in the market.

According to the OECD report, India is considered to be the country that provides the least subsidies, compared to other major markets, to renewable energy in electric vehicles and which can hamper government targets to achieve all electricity targets by 2030.

State and city governments provide their own subsidies:

• Delhi, Rajasthan, Uttarakhand and Lakshadweep are not charging VAT
• Chandigarh, Madhya Pradesh, Kerala, Gujarati & amp; West Bengal offers partial deductions on VAT
• Delhi also provides a subsidy of 15% of the base price of selected electric cars, such as REVA. It also excludes such cars from road taxes and registration fees.

Japanese

The Japanese government introduced the first electric vehicle incentive program in 1996, and it was integrated in 1998 with the Clean Energy Vehicle Introduction Project, which provides subsidies and tax discounts for the purchase of electricity, natural gas, methanol and hybrid electric vehicles. The project provides a purchase subsidy of up to 50% surcharge from clean energy vehicles compared to conventional engine vehicle prices. The program was extended to 2003.

In May 2009, the National Diet passed the Green Vehicle Purchase Promotion Valuator which took effect from June 19, 2009, but retroactive until April 10, 2009. The program sets tax cuts and exceptions for environmentally friendly and fuel-efficient vehicles, according to a set defined environmental performance criteria, and the requirements are applied equally to both domestically produced vehicles and abroad. The program provides purchase subsidies for two types of cases, the consumer buys a new passenger car without a trade-in (non-reimbursement program), and for a consumer who buys a new car trading for a used car registered 13 years ago or earlier (scrappage program).

Tonnage and acquisition tax deductions

The new generation of new vehicles, including electric vehicles and fuel cells, plug-in hybrids, hybrid electric vehicles, diesel vehicles and clean natural gas are excluded from the acquisition tax and tonnage tax. The acquisition tax on used vehicles will be reduced by 1.6% to 2.7%, or between 150,000 yen (~ US $ 1,600) and 300,000 yen (~ US $ 3,200). Vehicles fuel and electric cells have a 2.7% reduction while plug-in hybrids have a 2.4% reduction.

This incentive takes place from 1 April 2009 to 31 March 2012 for a one-time acquisition tax at the time of purchase. The tonnage tax reduction is valid from April 1, 2009 to April 30, 2012 and the incentive applies once, at the first mandatory inspection, three years after the purchase of the vehicle. For example, the amount excluded for the purchase of the next generation of new vehicles is 81,000 yen (~ US $ 975) in accordance with the acquisition tax, and 22,500 yen (~ US $ 271) for tonnage taxes, totaling 103,500 (~ US $ 1,246).

Car tax deduction

Consumers who buy new generation electric vehicles, including fuel cell vehicles, benefit from a 50% reduction in annual vehicle taxes. This incentive is valid from 1 April 2009 to 31 March 2010, valid only once.

Incentives to buy new green vehicles

Subsidies for the purchase of new eco-friendly vehicles without throwing away used cars are 100,000 yen (~ US $ 1,100) for standard or small car purchases, and 50,000 yen (~ US $ 550) for mini or kei car purchases. Subsidies for the purchase of trucks and buses that meet defined fuel efficiency and emissions criteria vary between 200,000 yen (~ US $ 2,100) to 900,000 yen (~ US $ 9,600).

Subsidies for the purchase of new environmentally friendly vehicles in the case of owners disposing of vehicles 13 years or older are 250,000 yen (~ US $ 2,700) for the purchase of standard or small cars, and 125,000 yen (~ US $ 1,300) for the purchase of mini or kei vehicles. Subsidies for the purchase of trucks and buses that meet defined fuel efficiency and emissions criteria vary between 400,000 yen (~ US $ 4,300) to 1,800,000 yen (~ US $ 19,000).

All incentives for new purchases with or without trade apply in fiscal year Japan 2009, from 1 April 2009 to 31 March 2010.

Philippines

Under the administration of President Duterte, the Tax Reform for Acceleration and Inclusion Act is signed into law, which has been an exception made to anyone who buys a hybrid electric vehicle together.

South Korea

In July 2016, the Ministry of Commerce, Industry and Energy announced plans to make electric car batteries run longer, build a network of charging stations, and make purchases and ownership of electric cars more affordable. The government expects that the current and future policy programs will help increase the share of the electric car market in South Korea to 0.5% by 2017, up from 0.2% in 2015, and reaching 5.3% by 2020.

Government subsidies have placed a one-time subsidy purchase for electric cars. Effective July 8, 2016, the subsidy increased to 14 million won ( US $ 12,100 ) from 12 million won ( US $ 10,400 ). Also starting in 2016, the additional cost of purchasing an electric car tax will be reduced, and all electric car drivers will benefit from a reduction in insurance premiums, expressway tolls and parking fees. The government's plan calls for the deployment of fast charging stations by 2020 to be available on average one within a two-kilometer radius in the capital city of Seoul. In addition, 30,000 slow charging stations will be strategically located in about 4,000 apartment complexes nationwide by 2020.

The government plan also includes the development of electric car batteries, starting in 2016, with high energy density up to more than double the travel distance at a cost of up to 400 km (250 mi). The government expects to increase the global share of South Korea's electric car market to match South Korea's gasoline and diesel cars, which is 8.5% based on sales by two major South Korean car exporters, Hyundai Motor Company and Kia Motors.

Maps Government incentives for plug-in electric vehicles

Europe

Elektrifikasi transportation (electromobilitas) stands out in the Green Car Initiative (GCI), included in the European Economic Recovery Plan. DG TREN supports Europe's large electromobility project on EV and related infrastructure with a total budget of around EUR50 million as part of the Green Car Initiative.

There are measures to promote efficient vehicles in the 2009/33/EC Directive of the European Parliament and the Council of 23 April 2009 on the promotion of clean and energy-efficient road vehicles and in Directive 2006/32/EC of the European Parliament and of the 5 April 2006 Council on the efficiency of energy use and energy services.

As of April 2011, 15 of the 27 EU member states provide tax incentives for electric vehicles, covering all Western European countries plus the Czech Republic and Romania. Also 17 countries are levying carbon dioxide-related taxes on passenger cars as disincentives. The incentives consist of tax deductions and exemptions, as well as bonus payments for PEV buyers, hybrid vehicles, and some alternative fuel vehicles.

Austria

Electric vehicles are exempt from fuel consumption taxes, levied on the first registration, and from monthly vehicle taxes. In addition to tax breaks, hybrid vehicles and other alternative fuel vehicles benefit from fuel consumption taxes paying bonuses for passenger cars with low carbon dioxide output. Alternative fuel vehicles, including hybrids, qualify for as much as EUR800 (approximately US $ 1,120 ) in annual bonuses. This bonus is valid from 1 July 2008 to 31 August 2012. In addition, cars without carbon emissions are eligible for VAT deduction (Value Added Tax), starting January 2016. [4]

Belgium

The Belgian government imposes a 30% personal income tax cut from the purchase price including the new VAT electric vehicle, up to EUR9,199. The plug-in hybrids are not eligible. This tax incentive expires on December 31, 2012. There is also a 40% reduction in taxes for investment in publicly accessible external charging stations, up to a maximum of EUR250. The local government of Wallonia has an additional EUR4,500 eco-bonus for registered cars before December 31, 2011.

Bulgarian

Electric vehicles, including cars, motorcycles, and mopeds, are exempt from annual circulation taxes. [5]

Cyprus

Vehicles with emissions of less than 120 grams of carbon dioxide per kilometer are exempt from paying registration tax. [6]

Czech Republic

Alternative electric, hybrid and other fuel vehicles used for business purposes are exempt from road tax.

Denmark

By 2016, battery electric vehicles lose access to their registration tax exemption. Registration tax will gradually return to 2020. [7] In 2016 there are only 7,000 electric cars in Denmark.

Estonian

There is no grant for the purchase of Plug-In or Electric vehicles starting 2016. Electric vehicles are exempt from the cost of public parking of the city and can use bus lanes.

From 2011 to 2014 Estonia has allocated a total of EUR9,000,000 in grants for the purchase of battery electric vehicles (ending August 7, 2014). From 2011 to 2014, KredEx has allocated a grant of EUR10,500,000; the average grant per car is EUR16,500. The grant has helped purchase more than 650 electric cars in Estonia. At that time, fast charging networks throughout the country (CHAdeMO 500V/120A and Type2 400V/32A) were established.

Finnish

Finnish Prime Minister (2003-2010) Mr. Matti Vanhanen has mentioned that he wants to see more electric cars on the Finnish roads as quickly as possible and at any cost to government cars in terms of income taxes. Home filling of the motor and cabin warming outlets (common in all Nordic countries) has been determined to be a possible burden on the grid, although this burden is expected to occur mainly at night when overall demand is lower. If all cars in Finland run entirely on electricity, it will add 7-9 TWh each year to the load, which corresponds to 10% of Finland's annual consumption. An online route planner like http://www.uppladdning.nu/lists the number of daily free charging outlets prepared by individual merchants and individuals, making it possible to drive EVs for free from Helsinki via Sweden to Copenhagen.

For the period 2018-2021, EUR6 million annually will be allocated for the purchase of electric cars and the conversion of gasoline cars to E85 and gas. Someone who enrolled a new electric car in the period of 1.1.2018-30.11.2021 is eligible to get a fund of EUR2,000, if the purchase price of the car is EUR50,000 or less.

By the end of 2017, there are 1,449 electric cars registered in Finland.

French

Since 2008 France has a bonus-malus system offering financial incentives, or bonuses, for the purchase of cars with low carbon emissions, and costs, or malus, for the purchase of high-emitting vehicles. Bonus applies to private vehicles and companies purchased on or after December 5, 2007 and is deduced from the purchase price of the vehicle. Malus penalty applies to all vehicles registered after 1 January 2008, and is added at the time of registration. Since 2009, each family with more than two children received a reduction from malus 20 g CO ₂ per km per child.

2012-2014

Up to July 31, 2012, a premium of up to EUR5,000, under the bonus-malus system, is granted for the purchase of a new car with CO ₂ 60 g/km or less which benefits all-electric cars and any plug- in hybrid with such low emissions. Vehicles that emit up to 125 g/km or less, such as conventional hybrids and natural gas vehicles, are awarded up to EUR2,000. Incentives can not exceed 20% of the sale price including VAT, plus the cost of the battery if it is rented.

Effective on August 1, 2012, the government increases bonuses for electric cars up to EUR7,000 but is limited to 30% of vehicle prices including VAT. The price includes the cost of leasing the battery, and therefore, an electric car requiring a battery leasing contract is also eligible for a bonus. For example, an electric car sold for EUR23,333 including VAT is eligible for a maximum bonus of EUR7000. The emission level for maximum bonus is increased to 20 g/km or less. Cars with emission levels of between 20 and 50 g/km are eligible for bonuses of up to EUR5,000, and between 50 and 60 g/km are eligible for bonuses of up to EUR4,500. After this limit, the bonus drops to EUR550.

Schedule fees for bonus-malus have been modified in 2013. Effective November 1, 2013, the bonus is reduced from EUR7,000 to EUR6300 for all-electric and other vehicles with CO ₂ emissions of less than 21 g/km. Vehicles emitting between 21 and 60 g/km, such as plug-in hybrids and conventional hybrids, are eligible for bonuses of up to EUR4,000, and for emissions between 61 and 90 g/km to EUR150, down from EUR550. Effective January 1, 2014, the cost schedule for malus is increased up to a maximum penalty of EUR8,000 from EUR6,000 for vehicles that emit more than 200 g/km. Flexible fuel vehicles remain exempt from malus costs. The neutral class applies to vehicles emitting between 91-130 g/km.

2015-2016

Starting April 1, 2015, super bonuses are introduced, increasing financial incentives to a cumulative total of EUR10,000, consisting of regular bonuses of EUR6300 for the purchase of pure electric cars, plus up to EUR3700 for customers who dispose of powered cars in circulation prior to January 1, 2001. In case hybrid plug-in with CO ₂ emission levels between 21 and 60 g/km, the purchase bonus is EUR4000 plus the EUR3700 removal premium. Also, a special EUR500 grant is introduced for families that are below the income tax threshold that buys new or used regular cars below certain CO ₂ emission thresholds or hybrid or electric cars.

Effective January 4, 2016, EUR6300 bonus is limited to 27% of the purchase price of vehicles emitted up to 20 g/km stored. This bonus is compatible with pure electric vehicles and equipped with a range extender. Vehicles emitting between 21 and 60 g/km are eligible for EUR1000 bonus. This bonus corresponds to the majority of plug-in hybrids. A conventional hybrid passenger car emits between 61 and 110 g/km with sufficient hybridization, with an electric motor with an output power of not less than 10 kW, is eligible for a EUR750 bonus. Diesel-powered hybrids, such as the PSA Hybrid4, are no longer eligible for bonuses, even if the car emits less than 110 g/km CO ₂ .

The combined super bonus of EUR10000 for purchasing or renting a new all-electric car is maintained. In order to qualify for additional scrappage bonuses, old diesel-powered cars must be held for at least a year and circulated before 1 January 2006. New vehicles should not be sold within 6 months of acquisition or have traveled less than 6,000 Ã, km (3,700Ã, mi ).

The scrappage bonus for the purchase of all-electric cars is maintained at EUR3700, while bonuses for hybrid plug-in cars emitting between 21 and 60 g/km are set at EUR2500. Only individuals or professionals are eligible for a scrappage bonus. Commercial vehicles are not eligible. Neither the demonstration vehicle is eligible for superbonus unless the vehicle is sold or leased within one year after the first enrollment date. Beginning in September 2016, a scrappage bonus of EUR3700 for the trading of old diesel-powered cars has been provided to over 10,000 purchase transactions.

2017

In September 2016, a government proposal to take effect from 1 January 2017 stipulates that EUR10,000 super-bonus for disposing of diesel vehicles over 10 years will be updated. However, the bonus for the purchase of a pure electric car will drop to EUR6000 from EUR6300 in 2016, but to compensate, the additional scrappage bonus will be increased to EUR4000 from EUR3700 in 2016. Also, the government plans to introduce a cap of buy price to a vehicle qualified for bonuses, and to introduce new bonuses for motorcycles. For more polluting vehicles, the government intends to increase the maximum malus cost to EUR10000 from EUR8000 in 2016 for vehicles emitting over 191 g/km, lowering the limit of 200 g/km by 2016.

The government intends to maintain a EUR1000 purchase bonus for plug-in hybrids with CO ₂ emissions levels between 21 and 60 g/km. However, the proposal did not include anything about the conversion premium to dispose of a 10-year-old diesel car for a plug-in hybrid purchase. The purchase bonus for non-rechargeable hybrid vehicles will be eliminated.

German

"Nationale Plattform ElektromobilitÃÆ'¤t" (NPE) is a German government initiative to develop Germany into a market leader for electric mobility. In May 2010, under the National Program for Electricity Mobility, Chancellor Angela Merkel set a goal to bring 1 million electric vehicles on German roads by 2020. However, the government also announced that it would not provide subsidies for plug-in power sales car but will only finance research in the field of electric mobility. Electric vehicles and plug-ins are exempt from annual circulation tax for a period of five years from the date of their first registration. In 2016, the annual circulation tax exemption is extended from five to ten years, retiring to January 1, 2016.

Personal use of company cars is treated as taxable income in Germany and is measured at an average monthly rate of 1% of the gross sales price of the vehicle. So plug-in electric cars have been harmed because their prices can be as much as twice that of cars using conventional internal combustion engines due to the high cost of batteries. In June 2013 German legislators approved a law that ended tax losses for electric car plug-in companies. The law, effective January 1, 2013, allows private users to offset list prices by EUR500 per unit of battery size, expressed in kilowatt hours (kWh). The maximum offset is set at EUR10,000 which corresponds to a 20 kWh battery. The amount that can be offset will sink each year by EUR50 per kilowatt hour. The range of criteria will increase to 40 km (25 miles) starting in 2018. As part of a package of financial incentives approved in 2016, private owners of plug-in electric vehicles that fill their cars at their workplace are exempt from declaring this perk as a cash benefit in their income tax returns. Entrepreneurs who provide this benefit are allowed to discount from their income tax of 25% of the value as well as cash benefits. These two fiscal benefits are valid from January 1, 2017 to the end of 2020.

In August 2014, the federal government announced its plan to introduce non-monetary incentives through a new law to be effective on February 1, 2015. The proposed user benefits include measures for battery-powered car privileges, fuel cell vehicles and some plug-in hybrids, as well as Norway, by giving local governments the authority to allow these vehicles into bus lanes, and to offer free parking and parking spaces provided on site with charging points. Not all hybrid plug-ins will qualify for benefits, only those with CO ₂ emissions of no more than 50 g/km or all-electric range over 30 km (19 mi) are eligible.

According to the fourth development report of the German National Electricity Mobility Platform, only about 24,000 plug-in electric cars are on German roads by the end of November 2014, well behind the target 100,000 target units set for 2014. As a result, Chancellor Angela Merkel admitted in December 2014 that the government should provide more incentives to meet the goal of having 1 million electric cars on state roads by 2020. Among others, and on the recommendation of the report, the federal government is considering offering tax breaks for company cars zero emissions, more subsidies to expand charging infrastructure, especially to use more public fast chargers, and more public funding for research and development of next generation rechargeable batteries.

Buy incentives

In early 2016, German politicians from three parties in the ruling coalition and car executive Merkel began talks to introduce subsidies for green car buyers worth up to EUR5000 ($ 5,500) to boost sales of electric cars and plug- in hybrids. In February 2016, the German government's proposal was for the automotive industry to cover 40% of the cost of purchasing subsidies. Private buyers will get a full subsidy of EUR5000, while corporate buyers will receive EUR3000 for each electric car, and the program is expected to run until 2020, a set deadline for achieving the goal of 1 million electric cars on the streets of Germany. Incentives will fall by EUR500 every year. In March 2016, Nissan Europe announced its support for green car incentives and its commitment to double the government's E-premium incentives when buying Nissan's electric car, with reduced purchase prices by the same amount of subsidies. CEO of Nissan Center Europe said " we remain confident that the goal of one million electric cars by 2020 is still achievable ." According to Nissan if from now on electric car sales doubling every year until 2020, it is still possible to achieve government goals.

The incentive scheme to promote plug-in adoption of electric vehicles was approved in April 2016 with a budget of EUR1 billion ( US $ 1.13 billion ). A total of EUR600 million ( US $ 678 million ) is reserved for purchase subsidies, which are expected to run until all the money is disbursed, expected to take place until 2019 at the latest. Another EUR300 million ( US $ 339 million ) is budgeted to finance the deployment of charging stations in cities and on autobahn highways. And another EUR100 million ( US $ 113 million) will be used to buy electric cars for the federal government fleet. The program aims to promote the sale of 400,000 electric vehicles. Purchase incentive costs are shared equally between the government and car makers. Electric car buyers get EUR4000 discount ( US $ 4,520 ) while hybrid vehicle buyers plug-in get EUR3000 discount ( US $ 3,390 ). Premium cars, such as the Tesla Model S and BMW i8, are not eligible for incentives because there is a limit of EUR60,000 ( US $ 67,800 ) for the purchase price. Only electric vehicles purchased after May 18, 2016 are eligible for bonuses and the owner must keep a new electric car at least nine months. The same rule applies to leasing.

In September 2016, BMW, CitroÃÆ'¡n, Daimler, Ford, Hyundai, Kia, Mitsubishi, Nissan, Peugeot, Renault, Toyota, Volkswagen, and Volvo have signed up to participate in this scheme. In May 2016, Nissan announced the company decided to raise the bonus with an additional EUR1000 ( US $ 1,130 ) to EUR5000 ( US $ 5,650 ) for its electric car Leaf customer and utility van e -NV200. The online application system to claim bonuses takes effect on July 2, 2016. In September 2016, a total of 26 plug-in and van electric cars qualify for a purchase bonus. According to the Federal Office of Economics and Export Control (BAFA), a total of 4,451 applications have been made for government subsidies for the purchase of plug-in power models on September 30, 2016, consisting of 2,650 electric and 1,801 plug-in hybrids. As of September 30, 2016, federal states with the most claims are Bayern (1,130), Baden-WÃÆ'¼rttemberg (873), and Nordrhein-Westfalen (726).

Starting September 1, 2016, the following 26 plug-in and van cars qualify for purchase bonuses: Audi A3 e-tron, BMW 225xe, BMW 330e, BMW i3, CitroÃÆ'¼Â Berlingo Electric, CitroÃÆ' nn C-Zero, Ford Focus Electric, Kia Soul EV, Electric Drive B-Class Mercedes-Benz (B 250e), Mercedes-Benz C350 e, Mitsubishi i-MiEV, Mitsubishi i-MiEV, Nissan e-NV200 5- and 7-seater Combi, Nissan Leaf, Peugeot iOn, Peugeot Partner Electric, Renault Kangoo ZE, Renault Zoe, Smart Fortwo electric propulsion, Toyota Prius Plug-in Hybrid, Volkswagen e-Golf, Volkswagen e-Up !, Volkswagen Golf GTE, Volkswagen Passat GTE, and Volvo V60 Plug-in Hybrid.

Greek

From 2011 to June 2016, all electric vehicles are exempt from registration tax. Starting July 1, 2016 onwards, the registration tax for hybrid vehicles is reduced to 50%.

Hungarian

All hybrid and electric vehicles are exempt from registration tax. The government announced that starting October 27, 2016, electric vehicles will qualify for a 21% gross purchase price discount, limited to 1,500,000 Ft (EUR4,800 at the December 2016 exchange rate). In addition, to promote electric cars, the Government has added several other regulatory incentives, such as green plates, and simplified taxes and regulations on electrical charge points. By 2020, the Government expects there will be 30,000 eco-friendly cars on the streets of Hungary.

Iceland

All electric vehicles are exempt from VAT to ÃÆ' krÃ,6,000,000, and taxes are applied at normal rates for the remainder of the price. The electric vehicle also gets free parking in the city center up to 90 minutes, which also applies to cars with CO ₂ emissions of less than 120 g/km and weighs less than 1,200 kg, which excludes some electric cars like Tesla Model S.

ireland

EV series production is released from VRT until December 2012. VRT exemption is replaced with EUR5000 credit against taxes. The annual motor tax for EVs is EUR120. The government has set a 10% target for all vehicles on Irish roads into electricity by 2020.

The electric vehicle filling network ESB eCar serves as the main charging network for the island of Ireland and has grown tremendously in recent years. Currently free networks are used with RFID cards provided by ESB to EV owners who want to use the network. The network aims to provide fast charging every 30 km on the main route and by 2015 has nearly 2000 standard filling points (all provide connections through IEC 62196 Type 2 Mennekes, about half of which is 22 kW with the rest being a mixture of 3.6 kW and 7 , 4 Ã, kW). There are about 100 CHAdeMO fast chargers with over 70 located outside the Metro area of ​​Dublin. All fast chargers installed since mid-2014 have been using the standard triple CHAdeMO/Combined Filling System/AC 43 kW. Four quick fillers in Dublin and two quick fillers in Belfast are funded jointly by the EU as part of the UK/Ireland RCN program. The UK Charging network operated by Ecotricity only has one CHAdeMO fast charger in IKEA Belfast. This is the only fast charger on the island that is not part of the ESC eCars network.

The Irish Sustainable Energy Authority offers government grants up to EUR5,000 for the purchase of new electric cars. Electric and hybrid vehicles have a reduction of up to EUR2,500 from registration tax between July 2008 and December 2010. However, this grant is only available on vehicles on approved model list that must be sold by registered dealers for the scheme. No grant applies where the vehicle is imported privately. Grants are reduced to EUR3,800 for business buyers or those who require financing to purchase vehicles, but some importers will report personal sales financed as cash sales for a full grant.

In September 2014, buyers of plug-in electric cars are eligible for government credit up to EUR5,000 (approximately US $ 6,500 ). Vehicle Registration Tax (VRT), up to EUR5,000 is also waived for electric cars. Also, owners of electric cars all pay the lowest annual tax rate, based on emissions. In addition, the first 2,000 electric cars registered in Ireland qualify for the installation of free home charging points worth approximately EUR1,000 (approximately US $ 1,300 ).

Italy

Electric vehicles are exempt from annual circulation tax or ownership tax for five years from the date of their first registration. Thereafter, the EV benefits from a 75% reduction of the tax rate applied to equivalent gasoline-powered vehicles. In the Lombardy region, electric vehicles are exempt from annual ownership taxes.

Latvian

Electric vehicles, including cars, freight vehicles, buses, and motorcycles, are exempt from Vehicle Operations Tax payment. [8]

Luxembourg

Buyers of electric vehicles and other vehicles emitting 60 g/km or less of carbon dioxide are eligible to receive a premium of EUR3,000 (approximately US $ 4,200 ), this premium expires on December 31, 2011. To comply requirement for rebates, the owner must have concluded an agreement to purchase electricity from renewable energy.

Monaco

Buyers of electric vehicles and plug in hybrids are eligible to receive EUR9,000 (approximately US $ 12,600 ) from the Monegasque Government. In addition vehicle owners are allowed free parking at public parking facilities.

Dutch

Considering the potential of plug-in electric vehicles in the country due to their relatively small size and geography, the Dutch government set a target of 15,000 to 20,000 electric vehicles with three or more wheels on the road by 2015; 200,000 vehicles by 2020; and 1 million vehicles by 2025. The first government target was reached in 2013, two years earlier, thanks to peak sales that occurred in late 2013. According to official figures, 30,086 plug-in electric vehicles with three or more wheels have been registered in the country until December 31, 2013.

Initially, the Dutch government established incentives such as the total exemption of registration fees and road taxes, which resulted in savings of around EUR5,324 for private car owners for four years, and EUR19,000 for company owners for five years. Other vehicles including hybrid electric vehicles are also exempt from this tax if they emit less than 95 g/km for diesel-powered vehicles, or less than 110 g/km for gasoline-powered vehicles. Exception from registration tax expires on January 1, 2014, and after that, all electric vehicles pay 4% registration fee and plug-in hybrid cost 7%.

In addition, the national government offers through the Ministry of Infrastructure and Environment, a subsidy worth EUR3,000 for the purchase of electric taxis or delivery vans. This subsidy increased to EUR5,000 per vehicle in Amsterdam, Rotterdam, The Hague, Utrecht, and the Arnhem-Nijmegen metropolitan area. Additional subsidies are offered by some local governments for the purchase of taxis and full electric vans, EUR5,000 in Amsterdam and EUR3,000 in Limburg and Tilburg.

In Amsterdam, EV owners also have access to parking spaces reserved for battery electric vehicles, so they avoid waiting for now for a parking lot in Amsterdam, which can reach up to 10 years in some parts of the city. Free charging is also offered in the public car park. EV owners in the city of Rotterdam are entitled to a year of free parking in the city center and enjoy subsidies of up to EUR1,450 if they install home chargers using green electricity. The city also introduced in 2014 a scrappage program to remove old pollution vehicles to improve air quality in the city. Rotterdam offers a EUR2,500 incentive for business buyers to replace old vehicles with all-electric vehicles. Subsidies are only available to the first 5000 applicants who purchase eligible vehicles before the end of December 2013. Another factor contributing to the rapid adoption of plug-in electric vehicles is the relatively small size of the country, which reduces anxiety range (the Netherlands stretches for about 100 miles (160 km) from east to west); long tradition of environmental activism; high gasoline prices ( US $ 8,50 per gallon per January 2013), which makes the cost of running a car with electricity five times cheaper; and also some EV leasing programs provide gasoline-free vehicles or discount for those who want to vacation while driving long distances. With all these incentives and tax breaks, plug-in electric cars have the same driving costs as conventional cars.

Initially, sales of plug-in electric cars were lower than expected, and during 2012 this segment captured less than 1% market share of new car sales in the country. As a result of the end of total registration fee exemption, the sales segment reached its peak in late 2013, and plug-in electric car sales accounted for 5.34% market share of new car sales in 2013. Total tax exemption fees for the Dutch treasury over more than 22,000 plug-in electric vehicles sold in 2013 are estimated at EUR500 million ( US $ 691 million ).

Norwegian

The Norwegian Parliament set a goal of achieving 50,000 zero emissions vehicles by 2018. Among the existing incentives, all electric cars are released in Norway of all non-recurring vehicle costs, including purchase taxes, which are very high for regular cars, and 25% VAT for purchase, together make the purchase price of electric cars compete with conventional cars. For example, in early 2013 Nissan Leaf's highest sales price was 240,690 kroner (approximately US $ 42,500 ) while the purchase price of Golf Volkswagen 1.3-lt was 238,000 Krone (approximately US $ 42.000 ). Electric vehicles are also exempted from the annual road tax, all public parking fees, and toll payments, and can use bus lanes.

Government officials booked in 1999 the prefix "EL" for the exclusive use of all electric vehicles in order to enforce on the road the benefits available for EVs. Since the "EL" series is set to end in "EL 99999" (most vehicles in this country have a five digit registration number between 10,000 and 99999), the Norwegian Public Road Agency selects the "EK" prefix in the second series of plates, to indicate "< i> elektrisk kjÃÆ'¸retÃÆ'¸y ", Norway for electric vehicles. And since the sale of electric vehicles is expected to continue at a rapid pace, meaning that the second phase of the license plate is likely to run out as well, the "EV" prefix has been set aside for future electric cars. In July 2016, as the stock of "EL" prefix plates was running low, the first electric vehicle listed with the new "EK" series was on the road.

Until June 2013, plug-in hybrids are not eligible for this benefit. Because the Norwegian tax system levies higher taxes for heavier vehicles, plug-in hybrids are more expensive than similar conventional cars because of the extra weight of the battery pack and the additional electrical components. Starting July 1, 2013, existing heavy allowances for conventional hybrids and plug-in hybrids of 10% will be increased to 15% for PHEVs.

In September 2013, the Norwegian Parliament approved, as part of the revised 2014 budget, the 25% VAT exemption for effective electric vehicle rentals by January 1, 2014. However, in September 2014, the exemption had not been enforced because the Minister of Finance decided to postpone the measurement , awaiting an official consultation with the EFTA Surveillance Authority (ESA) to ensure that VAT exemptions for leasing do not violate the European Economic Area Agreement. The loss of government revenue due to unfinished lease exemptions is estimated at approximately 47 million krone (about US $ 7.3 million per year). One Member of Parliament has criticized the government for the postponement. He argues that early VAT exemptions for all electric vehicles were never approved at the ESA. In addition, ESA spokesman confirmed that the Government has not sent any request since September 2014, ESA also received no complaints about the tax evasion of the Norwegian native EV. The MP said he would demand that the decision be adopted when Parliament meets in October 2014.

The target of 50,000 electric cars on the Norwegian road is reached on April 20, 2015, more than two years earlier than expected. In early March 2015 negotiations began between the parties represented in Parliament to determine the future of all motor vehicles and fuel taxes. The Liberal Party wants all the benefits to continue beyond the set quota. The Ministry of Finance also makes a comprehensive review of all motor vehicle taxes. Both purchase tax exemptions charge the government of about 3 billion krone (about 480 million) in revenue lost only in 2014, and up to 4 billion krone (about US $ 640 million ) if all other benefits are accounted for. Although it has exceeded the limit of 50,000 electric cars, tax benefits are expected to continue at least until the end of 2016.

Stopping incentives

In May 2015, the Government decided to maintain incentives until 2017, and political parties in Parliament agreed to reduce and reduce some incentives. Starting January 2018, electric car owners will be required to pay half of the annual road license fees and full tariffs by 2020. The value-added tax exemption (VAT) for electric cars will expire in 2018, but be replaced by new ones. scheme, which can be worn ceiling that can be reduced as technology develops. The agreement also gives local authorities the right to decide whether electric cars can park for free and use public transport routes.

In March 2016, the Ministry of Transport issued new regulations for parking on site with access to the general public. The new parking regulation, which came into force on 1 January 2017, stopped free parking for non-emission vehicles, but determined that Kota may introduce payment waivers for electric and hydrogen-powered vehicles at city parking locations. In September 2016, the city council of Trondheim and TÃÆ'¸nsberg decided to introduce full payment for EVs starting 2017; BodÃÆ'¸ and TromsÃÆ'Â kota cities will introduce payments for parking in downton but freed parking outside the city center; and the cities of Oslo, Mandal and Drammen decided to keep free parking for zero-emission vehicles.

Portugal

The Portuguese government launched in early 2008 the National Program for Electric Mobility called Mobi.E.

Mobi.E implements a national electrical mobility system. The system is designed to be scalable and deployed across geographic areas, addressing the current situation of lack of communication between different electrical mobility experiences being deployed in Europe. In the first half of 2011, a vast public network with 300 normal charging points and 50 charging times will be fully implemented in 25 major cities in the country.

EVs are fully exempt from Vehicle Tax both after purchase (Imposto Sobre VeÃÆ'culos) and the annual Distribution Tax (Imposto ÃÆ'Å¡nico de CirculaÃÆ'§ÃÆ' £ o). Personal income tax provides an allowance of EUR 803 at the time of purchase of EV. EVs are exempt from the company's 5% -10% corporate tax rate which is part of the Company's Income Tax. The Budget Act governs the increase in depreciation expenses related to the purchase of EVs for the purposes of the Corporate Income Tax.

Portugal set a government subsidy of EUR5,000 for the first 5,000 new electric cars sold in the country. In addition, there is an incentive of EUR1,500 if a consumer uses a used car as part of a down payment for a new electric car. Electric cars are also exempt from registration tax.

Romanian

In April 2011, Romania offered a government grant of up to 25% of the price (up to a maximum of EUR5,000) for the purchase of a new electric car. Furthermore, through the cash-for-clunkers program (scrappage program), those who want to buy an electric car will receive a voucher of more than a total of EUR5,000 in return for their used car. For hybrid vehicles, with or without plug-in capability, a EUR550 grant is offered, plus an additional EUR160 for hybrid vehicles that emit below 100g/km CO ₂ . Combined with the cash-for-clunkers program, the total grant is up to EUR2200. Electric and hybrid vehicles are exempt from environmental taxes, which also act as a registration tax. From March 2015, electric vehicles are also exempt from annual taxes, while hybrid vehicles have a 95% reduction.

In 2016, the "Rabla Plus" program offers a government grant of EUR5,000 for the purchase of a new electric car. In 2017, the "Rabla Plus" grant program increased to EUR 10,000 for the purchase of pure electric vehicles (BEV). Furthermore, car owners will receive an additional EUR1,400 if they terminate their car registration older than eight years.

Spanish

The Spanish government aims to have 1 million electric cars on the road by 2014 as part of a plan to reduce energy consumption and dependence on expensive imports, Industry Minister Miguel SebastiÃÆ'¡n said.

In May 2011 the Spanish government approved a fund of EUR72 million ( US $ 103 million ) for 2011 to promote electric vehicles. These incentives include direct subsidies for the purchase of new electric cars up to 25% of the purchase price, before tax, up to a maximum of EUR6,000 per vehicle (US $ 8,600), and 25% of the other gross electricity purchase price. vehicles such as buses and vans, with a maximum of EUR15,000 or EUR30,000, depending on the range and type of vehicle. Some local government grant incentives for the purchase of alternative fuel vehicles include electric and hybrid vehicles. In AragÃÆ'³n, Asturias, Baleares, Madrid, Navarra, Valencia, Castilla-La Mancha, Murcia, Castilla y LeÃÆ'³n electric vehicles qualify for EUR6,000 and hybrid tax incentives for EUR2,000.

Swedish

In September 2011, the Swedish government approved a kr 200 million program, effective from January 2012, to subsidize 40,000 kr per car for the purchase of electric cars and other "green cars" with very low carbon emissions (below 50 years). grams of carbon dioxide per km). There are also exceptions of annual circulation tax for the first five years from the date of their first registration in favor of electric vehicle owners with energy consumption of 37 kWh per 100 km or less, and hybrid vehicles with CO ₂ emissions of 120 g/km or less. In addition, for electric and hybrid vehicles, the taxable value of a car for the purposes of calculating the benefits in the form of company cars under personal income tax is reduced by 40% compared to gasoline or diesel powered or comparable cars. The reduction of taxable value has a cap of 16,000 kr per year.

As of July 2014, a total of 5,028 new "super clean cars" have been registered in the country since January 2012, and since the government is allocating funds for a total of 5,000 super clean cars between 2012 and 2014, the funds have been exhausted. BIL Sweden, the national association for the automotive industry, is requesting an additional government of 100 million kr to cover subsidies for 2,500 new super clean car registrations between August and December 2014. In December 2014, Riksdagen, the Swedish parliament, approved a 215 million kr allotment to finance car subsidies super clean by 2015. The 2015 allotment, in accordance with the parliament's decision and subsequent government decisions, is also used for retroactive payments of registered green super cars in 2014 that are not subsidized.

The government is raising seizures for a super-green car rebate of 132 million kr for 2015 and 94 million kr for 2016. Beginning in 2016, only zero emissions cars are eligible to receive a full 40,000 kr of premium, while other super-green cars, plug-in hybrids, receive half the premium. Exemption for the first five years of ownership of the annual circulation tax is still in effect. In 2016, to promote the introduction of electric-powered buses in the market, the Government plans to allocate 50 million kr for 2016 and 100 million kr per year between 2017 and 2019 to introduce premium electric buses.

Two alternative proposals are being considered by the Swedish government regarding the introduction of the bonus-malus system. Both proposals require changes to vehicle taxes and car benefit taxes and premium systems for new car purchases. An official investigation report due on April 29, 2016. The goal is for the system to take effect on January 1, 2017. The new bonus-malus system, starting July 1, 2018, will offer 60,000 SEK electric car buyers bonuses.

Switzerland

Switzerland has a car import tax which is 4% of the purchase price (before adding VAT) which is waived for electric cars. Since Switzerland consists of 26 cantons that have their own legislature, additional incentives for plug-in electric vehicles differ between their respective regions. The current list can be downloaded from the Swiss Department of Energy website.

There are no additional incentives on the actual purchase price, but some cantons offer a road tax deduction. Swiss road tax is a fixed annual amount calculated based on the taxpayer's car specification. Currently, only the Glarus (GL), Solothurn (SO), Ticino (TI) and Zurich (ZH) regions are completely exempt taxes for plug-in electric vehicles.

Sample calculation for Zurich

Based on a regular car with the following specifications:

• Machine: 2 L
• Total weight: 1800Ã, kg
• Energy efficiency: C
• Year: 2013

The resulting tax must be paid per year would be 278 SFr.. So when calculating with a life expectancy of 10 years, the car owner in this example might save around 2,780 SFr. when buying a plug-in electric car.

However, since fossil fuel taxes are relatively high in all European countries, including Switzerland, there are still indirect incentives, but strong enough for car buyers to decide on energy efficient vehicles.

Based on the following example:

• Fuel economy: 7.8Ã, L/100Ã, km (30 mpg _-US ) without lead
• Driving habits: 15,000 km (9,300 mi) per year
• Fuel tax: 0.7312 SFr. per liter (2.7679 SFr. per gallon)
• Carbon tax (from 1 January 2014): 0.1414 SFr. per liter (0.5353 SFr. per gallon)

The taxes generated on the burned fuel will be about 1,021 SFr. per year, which generates 10,210 SFr. during 10 years of car life.

United Kingdom

Car Grant plugin

The Car Grant plug-in begins on January 1, 2011 and is available throughout the UK. This program reduces up-front cost of qualified cars by providing a 25% grant to new plug-in car costs limited to GBÃ, Â £ 5,000 ( US $ 7,450 ). Beginning April 1, 2015, purchase price limits are raised to cover up to 35% suggested retail discount on vehicle prices, up to an existing GBÃ, 5,000 limit. This change means an electric car priced below GBÃ, £ 20,000 will be able to take advantage of most or all discounts Ã, Â £ 5,000. Both private and business fleet buyers are eligible for this grant, received at the point of purchase and subsidies reclaimed by the producers thereafter. The subsidy program is managed in a manner similar to a grant made as part of the 2009 Car Reduction Scheme, which allows consumers to purchase qualified cars discounted at the point of purchase with subsidies claimed by later producers.

The Government announced in April 2014 that funding for full grants up to GBÃ, 5,000 will remain in effect until 50,000 grants have been issued or 2017, whichever comes first. Since estimates predict that the scheme will reach the 50,000 limit by November 2015, the government announced in August 2015 that the Car Grant plug-in will continue until at least February 2016 for all plug-in cars with CO ₂ emissions of 75 g/km below. The government also announced that the minimum GBÃ, Â £ 200 million ( US $ 311 million ) is available to continue the Plug-in Car Grant.

Vehicles eligible for subsidies must meet the following criteria:

• Vehicle type: Only fully qualified ultra-low emission cars (M1 vehicle category). Motorcycles, quadricycles, and vans are not covered.
• Carbon dioxide discharge emissions: Vehicles must issue equivalent or less than 75 grams of carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) per kilometer driven.
• Range: Electric vehicles (EVs) must travel a minimum distance of 70 miles (110 km) between charges. Hybrid electric plug-in vehicles (PHEVs) must have a minimum power range of 10 miles (16 km).
• Minimum maximum speed: Vehicles must be able to reach speeds of 60 miles per hour (97 km/h) or more.
Warranty: The vehicle must have a 3-year or 60,000-mile (97,000 km) warranty (warranty) and 3-year electric and 3-year electric vehicle warranty, with an option to extend the battery warrant for an additional 2 years ('drive train' means part which send power from the engine to the wheel.This includes clutch, transmission (gear box), drive shaft, U-joint and differential).
• Battery performance: The vehicle must have a minimum 5 year warranty on battery and electric drive cart as standard, or additional proof of battery performance to demonstrate reasonable performance after 3 years of use
• Electrical safety: Vehicles must comply with certain regulations (UN-ECE Regulation 100.01) indicating that they are electrically safe.
• Safety accidents: To ensure the car will be safe in an accident, they must have: EC all types of approval vehicles (EC WVTA, not small series) or evidence that the car has the appropriate security level as assessed by international standards.

In February 2015, the government announced that in order to take into account the rapidly growing technologies, and the growing ULEV in the UK market, the criteria for plug-in car grants have been updated and from April 2015, eligible ultra-low emission vehicles (ULEVs) criteria in one of the following categories depend on zero-emission-level emissions and mileage, with a technology neutral approach, which means that hydrogen fuel cells also qualify for grants:

• Category 1: CO ₂ emissions less than 50g/km and zero emission range of at least 70 mi (110 km).
• Category 2: CO ₂ emissions less than 50 g/km and zero emission ranges between 10 to 69 mi (16 to 111 km).
• Category 3: CO ₂ emissions 50-75g/km and zero emission range of at least 20 mi (32 km).

In December 2015, the Department of Transport (DfT) announced that the Plug-in car grant was extended until March 2018 to encourage more than 100,000 British motorists to purchase cleaner vehicles. Total fund GBÃ, Â £ 400 million (~ US $ 600 million ) is available for renewal. To reflect changes in the UK market, the criteria for the Car Grant Plug-in have been updated and the maximum grant down from GBÃ, Â £ 5,000 (~ US $ 7,450 ) to GBÃ, £ 4,500 (~ US $ 6,700 ). For an extension, the grant amount is directly linked to the Office for Low Vehicle Emissions of three categories of vehicles issued in April 2015. Eligible ultra-low emission vehicles (ULEVs) must meet the criteria in one of three categories depending on emission levels (CO < sub> 2 band emissions between 50 and 75g/km) and zero-emission-able mileage (minimum 10 mi (16 km)), with a neutral approach to technology, meaning that hydrogen fuel cell cells meet requirement to get grant. The updated scheme takes effect on March 1, 2016.

Price limits are readily available, with all Category 1 plug-in vehicles eligible for full grants regardless of their purchase price, while Category 2 and 3 are priced more

Source of the article : Wikipedia