Halloween , All Hallows 'Eve contraction , is a celebration observed on October 31, the day before the All Hallows' party. Today's celebrations and celebrations occur mainly in the regions of the Western world, although some traditions differ significantly across geographical regions.
Video Geography of Halloween
Origins
Halloween, also spelled as Halloween or Allhallowe'en, is a contraction of All Hallows' Eve, night or just in case before the All Hallows (or All Saints) Christian feast is observed on November 1st. Today started the triduum of Hallowtide, which culminated with the Day of All Souls. In the Middle Ages, many Christians held the popular belief that All Hallows' Eve was "a night where the veil between the material world and the hereafter is at its most transparent."
Maps Geography of Halloween
Asia
China
The Chinese celebrated the "Hungry Ghost Festival" in mid-July, when it was a habit of floating river lanterns to remember those who had died. In contrast, Halloween is often mistakenly called "All Saints 'Day" (or more rarely, but more precisely) "All Saints' Eve" (< WÃÆ'nsh Æ' ng <<<, or Eve of All Saints Day ??? ). Chinese Christian churches have a religious celebration. Non-religious celebrations are dominated by American or Canadian expats, but costume parties are also popular for young Chinese adults, especially in big cities. Hong Kong Disneyland and Ocean Park (Halloween Bash) host Halloween annual events.
Mainland China has been less influenced by Anglo traditions than Hong Kong and Halloween is generally considered "foreign." Because Halloween has become more popular globally, it is also becoming more popular in China, especially among children who attend private or international schools with many foreign teachers from North America.
Hong Kong
Traditional door-to-door tricks are not common in Hong Kong as most Hong Kong residents live in high-rise apartment blocks. However, in many buildings serving expatriates, Halloween parties and tricks or limited treatment are managed by management. Examples of street-level tricks or treatment in Hong Kong take place in an ultra-exclusive fenced housing community like The Beverly Hills inhabited by wealthy Hong Kong people and in expatriate areas such as Discovery Bay and Red Hill Peninsula. For the general public, there is an event on the Avenue of the Stars by Tsim Sha Tsui who tries to imitate the celebration. In the Lan Kwai Fong area of ​​Hong Kong, known as the premier entertainment district for the international community, Halloween celebrations and marches have been going on for over 20 years, with many people dressed in costumes and walking the streets for corporate drinks. Many international schools also celebrate Halloween in costumes, and some place an academic touch on celebrations such as the "Book-o-ween" celebration at Hong Kong International School where students dress as favorite literary characters.
Japanese
Halloween arrived in Japan primarily as a result of American pop culture. As recently as 2009, it was not appreciated and only celebrated by expatriates. The use of elaborate costumes by young adults tonight is very popular in areas such as Amerikamura in Osaka and Shibuya in Tokyo, where in October 2012, about 1700 people wore costumes to take part in the Halloween Festival. Holidays have become popular with young adults as costume parties and club events. Trick or Treat for Japanese children has been going on in some areas. Yakuza have taken advantage of the festival by having parties and providing snacks and sweets for the children, a tradition that goes back for at least 20 years.
Philippines
The period from October 31 to November 2 is a time to remember family members and friends who have died. Many Filipinos travel back to their homes for family gatherings to celebrate.
Trick-or treating is gradually replacing the dying tradition of Pangangaluluw, a local analogue of the sensual old English habits. People in the province are still observing PangangaluluwÃÆ' Â ¢ by going group to every home and offering songs in exchange for money or food. Participants, usually children, will sing Christmas songs of souls in Purgatory, with abÃÆ'ºloy (alms for the dead) used to pay Mass for these souls. Together with the alms demanded, householders sometimes give children germinate (rice cakes). At night, small objects, such as clothing, plants, etc., will "mysteriously" disappear, only to be found the next morning in the yard or in the middle of the road. In older times, it is believed that the spirits of the ancestors and loved ones visit the living on this night, manifesting their presence by taking the goods.
Because observations of Christmas traditions in the Philippines begin in early September, it is a common sight to see Halloween decorations in addition to Christmas decorations in urban environments.
Singapore
Around mid-July, the Chinese celebrated "Zhong Yuan Jie/Yu Lan Jie" (Festival of Hungry Ghosts), a time when it was believed that the spirits of the dead came to visit their families. In recent years, Halloween celebrations have become more popular, with influences from the west. In 2012, there are over 19 major Halloween events around Singapore. SCAPE's Museum of Horrors holds its fourth scare festival in 2014. Universal Studios Singapore hosts "Halloween Horror Nights".
Australia and New Zealand
Although traditionally not part of Australian culture, the Halloween non-religious celebrations modeled on North American celebrations are gaining popularity in Australia, regardless of seasonal differences and the transition from spring to summer. Criticism largely stems from the fact that Halloween has little relevance to Australian culture. It is also considered, by some Australians, to be an undesirable American influence; Although Halloween does have Celtic/European origins, its increasing popularity in Australia is largely due to the influence of American pop culture. Proponents of the show claimed that critics failed to see that the event was not entirely American, but Celtic and no different from embracing other cultural traditions such as Saint Patrick's Day.
Because of the resistance to Halloween by some, there is a growing movement in which people invite trick-or-treaters to take part by putting balloons or decorations in their mailboxes, to show that they are welcome to come knocking. In the last decade, Halloween's popularity in Australia has increased.
In New Zealand, as in neighboring Australia, Halloween is not celebrated at the same level as in North America, although in recent years non-religious celebrations have reached popularity especially among young people.
Europe
Over the years Halloween has become more successful in Europe and has partially repelled some of the old habits such as RÃÆ'¼bengeistern , Martinisingen, and others. Swedish
At All Hallow's Eve, Mass Requiem is widely attended each year at Uppsala Cathedral, part of the Swedish Lutheran Church.
During the Allhallowtide period, beginning with All Hallow's Eve, Swedish families visit the church yard and decorate the graves of their family members with candles and flower bouquets lit from the branches of pine trees.
Among children, the practice of dressing in costumes and collecting sweets has gained popularity in recent years.
Bosnia and Herzegovina
Halloween is a working day in Bosnia and Herzegovina, and is not celebrated until now. Over the past few years, it has been popular among the younger generation. Since wearing a mask has become very popular among children and adolescents, eg. in many Bosnian schools, both elementary and high school (gymnasium and vocational), students will usually wear costumes and masks on Halloween. There it's called No? vje? tica (English: Night of Witches ).
German
Halloween was generally not observed in Germany before the 1990s, but has increased in popularity. It has been linked to the influence of American culture, and "Trick or Treating" (in German, "SÃÆ'¼ÃÆ'Ÿes sonst gibt's saures") has occurred in various German cities, especially in areas such as Dahlem Neighborhood in Berlin, which was part of the American zone during the Cold War. Today, Halloween in Germany brings 200 million euros per year, through various industries. Halloween is celebrated by children and adults. Adults celebrate costume parties and themed clubs, while kids play tricks or cure. Vandalism complaints associated with Halloween "Tricks" are on the rise, especially from many German parents who are unfamiliar with "Trick or Treating."
ireland
On Halloween night, adults and children dress up like ghosts, ghosts, zombies, witches and goblins, bonfires, and enjoy spectacular fireworks - in particular, the town of Derry is home to the island's largest organized organized celebration, at form street carnival and fireworks show.
Games are often played, such as oscillating for apples, where apples, peanuts, and other beans and fruits and some small coins are placed in a water basin. Everyone took turns capturing as many items as possible using only their mouths. Another common game involves eating an apple without a hand hanging on a rope attached to the ceiling. Game forecast is also played on Halloween. Colcannon is traditionally served on Halloween.
October 31st is the busiest day of the year for Emergency Services. Bangers and fireworks are illegal in the Republic of Ireland; however, they are generally smuggled from Northern Ireland where they are legal. Campfire is often built around Halloween. Trick-or-treat is popular among children on 31st October and Halloween parties and public events.
Italy
In Italy All Saints' Day is a public holiday. On November 1st, Tutti i Morti or All Souls' Day, families remember loved ones who have died. This is still a major holiday. In some Italian traditions, children will wake up on the morning of All Saints or All Souls to find small gifts from their deceased ancestors. In Sardinia, Concas de Mortu (Head of the deads), an engraved gourd that looks like a skull, with a candle in it displayed. Halloween, however, is getting popular, and involves costume parties for young adults. Tradition carves squash in a skull figure, lights candles inside, or begs a small gift for the deads for example. candy or nuts, also belongs to Northern Italy. In Veneto this carved pumpkin is called lumÃÆ'¨re (lantern) or suche dei morti (deads' pumpkins).
Romanian
Romanians observe the celebration of St. Andreas, the patron saint of Romania, on 30 November. On the ghost of St. Andrew's Eve is said about. A number of customs related to divination, elsewhere connected to Halloween, is associated with this evening. However, with the popularity of Dracula in Western Europe, around the Romanian tourism industry Halloween promotes a trip to a location connected to the historic Vlad Tepe? and the more fantastic Dracula from Bram Stoker. The most successful Halloween party in Transylvania takes place in Sighi? Oara, the fortress where Vlad the Impaler was born.
Neither the Catholic Church nor the Orthodox Church in Romania advocate Halloween celebrations, advising their parishioners to focus more on "Day of the Dead" on November 1, when special religious festivities are held for the souls of the dead. Opposition by religious and nationalist groups, including calls to ban costumes and decorations in schools by 2015, has been filled with criticism. Halloween parties are popular in bars and nightclubs.
Russian
Halloween celebrations began in the 1990s around the fall of the Soviet regime, when disgusting costumes and parties spread throughout the nightclubs throughout Russia. Halloween is generally celebrated by the younger generation and is not widely celebrated in civil society (eg theater or library). In fact, Halloween is one of the Western celebrations that Russian government and politicians - who have grown increasingly anti-Western in early 2010 - are trying to eliminate it from public celebrations.
Polish
Since the fall of communism in 1989, Halloween has become increasingly popular in Poland. In particular, it is celebrated among young people.
Switzerland
In Switzerland, Halloween, after the first popular in 1999, has been diminishing, and most popular among young adults attending the party. Switzerland already has an "excessive festival" and although Swiss people like to dress up for every occasion, they prefer traditional elements, as in the Fasnacht tradition of chasing winter using noise and masks.
United Kingdom
English
In the past, the All Souls Eve family will stay up late, and a bit of "soul cake" is eaten. At midnight there was a serious silence among the households, lighting candles in every room to guide the souls back to visit their homes on earth and a glass of wine on the table to refresh them. The tradition of giving soul cakes originating from England and Ireland is known as the soul, often seen as the origin of modern tricks or treating in North America, and the soul continued in some parts of Britain in the late 1930s, with children going door to door sing a song and say a prayer for the dead in exchange for a cake or money.
American-style Halloween celebrations have become increasingly popular with shops dotted with witches and pumpkins, and young people attending costume parties.
Scotland
The name Halloween was first proved in the 16th century as the Scottish shortener of the Fuller All-Hallows-Even, ie, the night before All Hallows Day. Poetry Dumfries, John Mayne's 1780 poem, recording pranks on Halloween; "What flush is fearfu fearfu!" . Scottish poet Robert Burns was influenced by the composition of Maynes, and described some of the habits in his poem Halloween (1785). According to Burns, Halloween is "considered a night when magicians, demons, and other chaotic creatures are abroad on their sad midnight assignment."
Among the earliest records of the Guising in Halloween in Scotland was in 1895, where undercover camouflage brought a lantern made from turnips, visiting homes to be given cakes, fruit, and money. If children approach the door of the house, they are given food offerings. The practice of "undercover" children, going from house to house in costumes for food or coins, is a traditional Halloween habit in Scotland. These days the kids who knock on their neighbor's door should sing a song or tell a story for a gift of candy or money.
A traditional Halloween game includes an apple "dooking", or "dipping" or (ie, taking one from a bucket of water using only one's mouth), and trying to eat, while blindfolded, treacle scoop/jam-coated hanging on a piece of string.
Traditional customs and customs include predictions, ways to predict the future. A traditional Scottish form of predicting one's future partner is carving an apple in a long lane, then throwing his skin over one's shoulders. Peel is believed to land in the first letter of the couple's name in the future.
Canada
Scottish emigration, mainly to Canada before 1870 and to the United States thereafter, brought the Scottish version of the holiday to each country. The earliest known reference to the begging ritual on Halloween in North American English occurred in 1911, when a newspaper in Kingston, Ontario reported that it was normal for smaller children to go "undercover" on Halloween between 6 and 7 nights, visited the shops and neighbors were rewarded with nuts and sweets for their rhymes and songs. Canadians spend more for candy on Halloween than anytime other than Christmas. Halloween is also a time for charitable donations. Until 2006, when UNICEF moved to an online donation system, collecting coins for much of it was part of Canada's trick-or-treat. Quebec offers themed tours from parts of the old city and historic cemeteries in the area. In 2014 the Arviat hamlet, Nunavut moved their Halloween celebrations to the village hall, canceling door-to-door "trick or treating" practices, due to the risk of polar bears wandering around. In British Columbia is a tradition to light fireworks on Halloween.
United States
In the United States, where the Puritan tradition lingered limiting the obedience of many holidays, Halloween did not become a holiday until the 19th century. Transatlantic migration of nearly two million Irishmen after the Great Irish Famine (1845-49) brought a holiday to the United States.
American librarian and author Ruth Edna Kelley wrote the long history of the first book on vacation in the US; The Book of Hallowe'en (1919), and soulful references in the chapter Halloween in America ; "All Hallowe'en habits in the United States are borrowed directly or adapted from other countries.The sense in Hallowe'en celebration now is to study old traditions, and hold a Scotch party, using Robert Burns poem Halloween as a guide, or to go soulless as English is spoken.In short, no customs have ever been honored in Hallowe'en out of fashion now ". The ultimate show for modern Halloween children in the United States and Canada is a trick-or-treat, where children, teenagers, (sometimes) young adults, and parents (accompanying their children) disguise themselves in costumes and went to door-to-door in their neighborhood, rang every door bell and shouted "Trick or treat!" to ask for gifts of candy or similar items. Teenagers and adults will more often attend Halloween-themed costumes usually held by friends or themed events at nightclubs either on Halloween itself or on weekends close to the holidays.
At the turn of the 20th century, Halloween turned into a night of vandalism, with the destruction of property and cruelty to animals and humans. Around 1912, Boy Scouts, Boys' Club, and other neighborhood organizations gathered to encourage a safe celebration that would end the destruction that has become commonplace tonight.
The commercialization of Halloween in the United States did not begin until the 20th century, possibly starting with Halloween postcards (featuring hundreds of designs), most popular between 1905 and 1915. Dennison Manufacturing Company (which published its first Halloween catalog in 1909) and Beistle Company a pioneer in commercially made Halloween decorations, especially cut-cut paper items. The German manufacturer specializes in Halloween statues that are exported to the United States in the period between two World Wars.
Halloween is now the second most popular holiday in the United States (after Christmas) for decoration; sales of sweets and costumes are also very common during the holidays, which are marketed for children and adults. The National Confectioners Association (NCA) reported in 2005 that 80 percent of American adults plan to give sweets to people who cheat. The NCA reported in 2005 that 93 percent of children plan to do trick-or-treat. According to the National Retail Federation, the most popular Halloween costume theme for adults is, in order: wizards, pirates, vampires, cats, and clowns. Every year, popular costumes are dictated by recent events and pop culture icons. On many campuses, Halloween is a big celebration, with Friday and Saturday, closest 31st October hosting many costume parties. Other popular activities are watching horror movies and visiting haunted houses. Total spending on Halloween is estimated at $ 8.4 billion.
Events
Many theme parks hold Halloween events every year, such as Halloween Horror Nights at Universal Studios Hollywood and Universal Orlando, Mickey's Halloween Party and Mickey's Not-So-Scary Halloween Party at Disneyland Resort and Magic Kingdom, and Knott's Scary Farm at Knott's Berry Farm. One of the more famous Halloween parades is the Village Halloween Parade which takes place in New York City. Every year about 50,000 people are dressed in parade on Sixth Avenue. Salem, Massachusetts, the site of the Salem Witch trial, celebrates Halloween throughout October with tours, plays, concerts, and other activities. A number of places in the lower Hudson Valley in New York hosted events to show relations with Washington Irving Legends of Sleepy Hollow. Van Cortlandt Manor performed "Great Jack o 'Lantern Blaze" featuring thousands of lighted carved flasks.
Some locals should modify their celebrations because of disruptive behavior on the part of young adults. Madison, Wisconsin organizes annual Halloween celebrations. In 2002 because of the large number of people in the area of ​​Jalan Negara, riots broke out, requiring the use of installed police and tear gas to disperse crowds. Likewise, Chapel Hill, the site of the University of North Carolina, has a street party in the city center that in 2007 drew an estimated crowd of 80,000 in downtown Franklin Street, in a city with a population of only 54,000. In 2008, in an attempt to curb the influx of outsiders, mayor Kevin Foy laid out steps to make the downtown commuter more difficult on Halloween. In 2014, many students rioted at Keene, New Hampshire Pumpkin Fest, where the City Council chose not to grant permission for next year's festival, and organizers moved the show to Laconia for 2015.
Elsewhere
Saint Helena
In Saint Helena, Halloween is actively celebrated, mostly along American models, with ghosts, skeletons, demons, vampires, wizards, and the like. Imitation flasks are used instead of real pumpkins because pumpkin harvest season in parts of Saint Helena is not near Halloween. Trick-or-treating is widespread. Party venues provide entertainment for adults.
Dubai
"Wild Wadi Waterpark" in Dubai hosts "Spooktacular Halloween". Ballroom dance party Halloween annual feast takes place in the studio "Dance For You".
Dominican Republic
In the Dominican Republic has gained popularity, largely because many Dominicans live in America and then take it to the island. In the big cities of Santiago or Santo Domingo it has become more common to see children cheat-or-treat, but in small towns and villages almost entirely absent, partly because of religious opposition. Sights like Sosua and Punta Cana feature many places with Halloween celebrations, which are mostly intended for adults.
See also
- Festival of the Dead
References
Further reading
- Brock, Michelle. "What the Halloween Can Learn from History"
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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