Throughout history, spiders have been described in popular culture, mythology, and symbolism. From Greek mythology to African folklore, the spider has been used to represent things, and survives to this day with characters like Shelob from Lord of the Rings and Spider-Man from eponymous comic series. It is also a symbol of delinquency and malice because of its poisonous poison and its slow cause of death, often seen as a curse. In addition, this spider has inspired the creation of the ancient geoglyph into a modern steam-punk spectacle. Spiders have been the focus of fears, stories, and mythologies from different cultures over the centuries.
The spider represents patience and perseverance because of its hunting technique by installing a net and waiting for its prey to become entangled. Many cultures connect the spider's ability to spin webs with spinning origins, textile weave, basket, skill and web-making. Spiders are associated with the creation myth because they seem to weave their own artistic world. Philosophers often use cobwebs as a metaphor or analogy; and today, terms like the Internet or the World Wide Web evoke connectivity between spider webs.
Video Cultural depictions of spiders
In folklore and mythology
Spiders, along with their webs, are featured in myths of mythology, cosmology, artistic spiritual depictions, and in oral traditions around the world since ancient times.
Ancient Near East
Uttu, the ancient Sumerian weaving goddess, was imagined as a spider spinning its web. According to Enki and Ninsikila myths, she is the daughter of the water god Enki. After being warned by Enki's wife, Ninhursag, that he will try to seduce her, Uttu is hiding inside her web, but agrees to let Enki enter after she promises to marry her and deliver her produce as a wedding gift. After giving Uttu the result, Enki intoxicating him with beer and raping her. Ninhursag heard Uttu's shout and rescued her, removing Enki's semen from her pussy and planting it on the ground to produce eight previously non-existent plants.
In Ancient Egypt, the spider was associated with the goddess Neith in its aspect as a spinner and weaver's predecessor, this relationship continued later through Ishtar Babylonia and the Greek Arachn, which was later equated as the Roman goddess Minerva.
Ancient Greece and Rome
A famous ancient legend of the Western canon that explains the origin of the spider comes from the Greek story of the weaving competition between Athena the goddess, and Arachne, sometimes portrayed as a princess. This story may be derived from Lidian mythology; but myth, mentioned briefly by Virgil in 29 BC, is known from Greek myths later after Ovid wrote poetry of Metamorphoses between 2 and 8 years. "Arachne" Greek (?????) means "spider", and is the origin of Arachnida, the spider's taxonomic class.
This myth tells the story of Arachne, the daughter of a famous Tyrian purple wool borer in Hypaepa of Lydia. Due to his father's skill by dyeing fabrics, Arachne became proficient in the art of weaving. Finally, he begins to regard himself as a weaver greater than the goddess Athena himself, and challenges the goddess to a weaving contest to prove his higher skill. Athena climbed on her victory over Poseidon who had given her support from Athena, while Arachne weave a rug featuring many episodes of infidelity among the Olympian Gods, which infuriated Athena. The goddess admits that the weaver of Arachne is flawless, but she is angered by human pride. In the last moments of anger, Athena destroys the carpet and weaving Arachne with her shuttle and condemns Arachne for life with extreme guilt. Because of sadness, Arachne immediately hanged himself. Feeling sorry for her, Athena took her back to a life that changed as a spider, using aconite poison; "- and since then, Arachne, as a spider, wears his web ."
Scientist Robert Graves puts the story of Ovid probably rooted in commercial competition between the Athenian population of Greece and Miletus on the small island of Crete in Asia Minor, which grew around 2000 BC. At Miletus, the spider may be an important figure; seals with spider emblems have been found there.
Africa
In African mythology, the spider is personified as the god of creation of Anansi, and as a deceitful character in African traditional folklore. There are many variations of the name including Kwaku Ananse from Ashanti in West Africa (real name) and licensed as Aunt Nancy (or Sister Nancy) in the West Indies and other parts of America. Ananse's stories become such a prominent and familiar part of Ashanti's oral culture that Anansesem's word - the "spider's story" - came to embrace all kinds of fairy tales. This is inserted into Anansi toree or "spider tales"; stories brought from Africa and notified to the children of Maroon and other Africans in the diaspora. These stories are allegorical stories that teach moral lessons.
America
North American cultures traditionally describe spiders. The oral tradition of Native American Lakota also includes a spider-trickster figure, known by some names. As noted in the legend of The "Wasna" (Pemmican) Man and Unktomi (Spider) , a man meets a family of hungry spiders, and Stone Boy hero cheated out of his fancy clothes by Unktomi, the figure of profit - fraudsters. Spiders also present as the god of Iktomi, which is sometimes depicted in this form. In Native American mythology, the spider is also seen in the legend about the birth of the constellation Ursa Major. The constellation was seen when seven men turned into stars and ascended to heaven by opening spider webs. The Hopi has the mystery of Grandmother Spider's creation. In this story, Grandmother Spider thought the world came into being through its conscious awareness of the net. Spider Grandmother also plays an important role in the mythology of Navajo creation, and there are stories related to Spider Woman in the heritage of many indigenous cultures of the Southwest as a powerful helper and teacher.
The Moche people of South America from ancient Peru worshiped nature; they place an emphasis on animals and often describe spiders in their art. The people of the Nazca culture created a vast geoglyph, including the vast depiction of spiders on the Nazca plains of southern Peru. The meaning or meaning of the so-called "Nazca line" remains uncertain. Temple of the adobe spider god of the Cupisnique culture found in Lambayeque Region of Peru. It is part of the Ventarron temple complex and is known as the Collud. Cupisnique spider gods are associated with hunting nets, textiles, wars, and power. One picture depicts a spider god holding a net filled with a human head being beheaded.
Oceania
Spiders are depicted in Indigenous art of Australia, in stone and bark paintings, and for the clan totem. Spiders in their webs are associated with a sacred stone in the central Arnhem Land in my Burnung clan of the Rembarrnga/Kyne people. Their totem design connected with major regional ceremonies, providing connections with neighboring clans also has a spider totem in their rituals. Nareau , the Spider God, created the universe, according to the islanders of Cosmology of Oceania in Kiribati of the Tungaru archipelago (Gilbert Islands); likewise, Areop-Enap ("Old Spider") plays an important role in the myth of the creation of the traditional Nauru population in Micronesia. In the Philippines, there is a version of Visayan's folklore The Spider and the Fly that explains why spiders hate flies.
Asia
The Tsuchigumo (translated as "Spider Earth") from Japan, is a supernatural, supernatural creature faced by the legendary Minamoto no Raiko. Depending on the story version, Tsuchigumo can see a boy or a girl. In one version, while searching for a giant mythical skull, Minamoto was lured to a home and placed in the illusion created by a Tsuchigumo in the disguise of a boy. However, after suspecting a dirty game, Minamoto breaks this illusion by attacking him with his sword. Minamoto then finds himself as completely covered in cobwebs, and after tracing it, finds out that the boy is in reality, a giant spider Tsuchigumo.
Another mythological spider figure of Japan is Jor? Gumo (the "spider whore") described as being able to transform into a seductive woman. In some cases, Jor? Gumo tries to seduce and possibly marry a passing samurai. In another example he is honored as a goddess who lives in J'ren Falls who rescues people from drowning. His name also refers to the species of gold orb-spider Nephila clavata ( Jor? -gumo , or Jor? Spider).
An oral tradition of Islam states that during the Hijrah, the journey from Mecca to Medina, Muhammad and his associate Abu Bakr were being pursued by the Quraish army, and they decided to take refuge in the Thawr Cave. The story goes on to say that God ordered a spider to weave a net at the door of the cave. After seeing the spider web, the Quraysh passed the cave, because the entry of Muhammad to the cave would damage the web. Since then, it has been held in many Muslim traditions that spiders, if not sacred, should at least be respected. A similar story takes place in the Jewish tradition, where David is pursued by King Saul. David is hiding in a cave, and Saul and his men do not bother looking for a cave because, while David is hiding inside, a spider has turned the net over the cave's mouth.
European Post-Classical
The 10th century Constant of Constance is sometimes described as a bishop holding a cup with a spider. According to this story, when he celebrated Easter, a spider fell into a trophy. Ignoring the commonly held beliefs about the time that all or most of the spiders are toxic; as a sign of faith, Conrad drank wine with a spider in it.
For King Robert the Bruce of Scotland, the spider is described as an inspirational symbol, according to an early 14th century legend. The legend tells of Robert the Bruce's encounter with a spider during a series of military failures against England. One version tells that while taking refuge in a cave on Rathlin Island, he witnessed a spider constantly failing to climb the silk thread to its web. However, because of perseverance, the spider finally succeeded, showing that, "if at first you do not succeed, try it, try and try again". Taking this as a symbol of hope and perseverance, Bruce came out of hiding and eventually won the Scottish independence.
Maps Cultural depictions of spiders
In philosophy
In Indian Vedic philosophy, the spider is described as hiding the ultimate reality with the illusionary veil. The god Veda Indra referred to as? Akra in Buddhism, or with the title Dev? N? M Indra. The Net Indra is used as a metaphor for the concept of Buddhist interpenetration, which states that all phenomena are closely connected. The Indra nets have diverse gems at every point, and every gem is reflected in all the other gems.
As related in the book, Vermeer Hat by historian Timothy Brook:
When Indra forms the world, he makes it a net, and in every node in the net there is a pearl. Everything that exists, or ever existed, every thoughtful idea, every true datum - every dharma, in the language of Indian philosophy - is a pearl in the net of Indra. Not only are each pearl tied to every other pearl based on the net on which they hang, but on the surface of each pearl reflected every other gem on the internet. Everything on the Indra web implies all that exists.
In the literature
Epic poem Metamorphoses , written by Ovid two millennia ago, including the Arachne metamorphosis. This is recounted in Dante Alighieri's portrayal of Arachne as a half-profit in his 2nd book of Divine Comedy, Purgatorio . In the 16th century Chinese folk novel, Wu Cheng'en Journey to the West , Buddhist monk Buddhist monastery Tang Sanzang was caught in a cave of spiders and tied up by beautiful women and many children, transformation. Spider.
In the 15th century, the French king Louis XI earned the nickname "universal spider" ( l'universelle aragne ), from Georges Chastelain, a historian of Burgundy nobility, referring to the king's tendency to implement the scheme and plans during his dispute with Burgundy and the following conflict with Charles the Bold.
This spider earned an evil reputation from the Biedermeier novel 1842 by Jeremiah Gotthelf, The Black Spider . In this allegorical story adapted to various media, spiders symbolize evil works and represent the moral consequences of making an agreement with the devil.
Atlach-Nacha is the creation of Clark Ashton Smith and first appeared in his short story "The Seven Geases" (1934). Atlach-Nacha resembles a large spider with an almost-human face. In the story, Atlach-Nacha is the reluctant recipient of the human sacrifice given to him by the god frog Tsathoggua.
The spider appears in the theme for works by J. R. R. Tolkien. Tolkien inserted a giant spider in his 1937 book The Hobbit where they explored Mirkwood's attack and sometimes captured the main character. The Ungoliant character is displayed as a spider-like entity, and as Night's personification of its earliest writings. In the Lord of the Rings , the daughter of the Shelob creature was encountered when Frodo and Sam moved past the mountain pass of Cirith Ungol. Shelob is featured in a film adaptation of the last book of the series Lord of the Rings. Despite being depicted as a giant spider, Tolkien gives them fictional attributes such as compound eyes, beak and black mesh spinning. He also evokes Old English words cob and lob for "spiders".
The children's novel 1952 Charlotte's Web written by E. B. White, is well known in spatial filming in a positive way as a hero rather than a fear or horror object.
More recently, the giant spider has been featured in books such as Harry Potter's fantasy novel 1998 and Harry Potter's Chamber of Secrets by J. K. Rowling. The book is then followed by a movie of the same name, using the giant spider Aragog from the novel as a supporting character and pet guard field, Hagrid. In The Fantastic Animals and Where to Find Them, a book about many beings in the realm of Harry Potter, this giant spider is also known as Acromantulas.
Spiders are also found in the fairy tales of modern children. Seeding rhymes "Itsy Bitsy Spider" and "Little Miss Muffet" have spiders as focal characters. The "The Spider and the Fly" (1829) poem by Mary Howitt is a memorial of seduction and betrayal that later inspired a 1949 movie and a 1965 Rolling Stones song, each sharing the same title, as well as a 1923 cartoon by Aesop. Studio Fables.
The poet Walt Whitman describes a spinning spider in his 1868 poem, A Noiseless Patient Spider :
In comics and manga
In graphic novels, spiders are often adapted by superheroes or villains as their symbol or alter ego because of the strengths and weaknesses of arachnids. One of the most prominent characters in the history of comic books has taken its identity from the spider, the comic book hero Marvel Spider-Man. Peter Parker was accidentally bitten by a radioactive spider and then, as Spider-Man, was able to climb tall buildings and shoot web fluid from the device attached to his wrist. Along with these abilities, comes super feelings and instant reflexes. Writer Stan Lee and artist Steve Ditko started this franchise. Due to the popularity of the characters, Spider-Man appears in movies and other media. In addition to Spider-Man, Marvel's universe includes some subsequent characters using spiders as their protector; including Spider-Woman, Spider-Girl, Scarlet Spider, Venom, AraÃÆ'a, Black Widow, and Tarantula. The DC Comics universe also includes characters named Spider Girl and Tarantula.
Many comic books, manga, and other anime characters are disguised as spiders, such as the Black Spider of the Batman universe; in the Pokémon mon mon franchise, Spinarak and Ariados, Joltik and Galvantula, and Dewpider and Araquanid, all based on spiders. In the series of Static Shocks, the Spider's Anansi takes its name and technique from the African impostor deity. In the second season of the anime based on the Kuroshitsuji manga, one of the main antagonists, butler demon Claude Faustus, has a quality and power like a spider. It is also capable of transforming into spiders and making nets.
In the Saga of Darren Shan manga, titular characters are fascinated by spiders. He kept them as pets until he killed the one he got when he was nine years old. She used to let them into her mouth and she imagined them eating it from the inside out. Typically, the spider will stay with it for a day or two, but some last longer. Later, we found that she can communicate with spiders.
Ghost in The Shell manga by Masamune Shirow clearly features a spider-footed combat vehicle, equipped with AI, called Fuchikoma (evolved into Tachikoma, Uchikoma and Logicoma in the next anime version of the series). This mobile weapons platform is used by members of Section 9 to assist in their various missions. In the monster Monster Musume by Okayado, Rachnera Arachnera's character is Arachne who is feared by his adoptive family and was initially abandoned. He shows his skills in web weaving. He initially hates humans for judging them, but Kimihito is able to change his mind, he now lives with him.
In movies and television
Spiders have been present for decades both in film and on television, especially in the horror genre. Those who suffer from arachnophobia, the acute fear of the spiders, become very horrified. Web spiders are used as a motif to decorate the dark alleys, which depict unknown niche.
The spider theme is featured in the history of the early film. In the adventure series Fritz Lang 1919 and 1920 The Spiders , a spider is a calling card for the criminal organization "The Spiders". Pan Si Dong (1927), ???, ( Silken Web Cave ) is a film adaptation of the classic story of XuÃÆ'¡nzÃÆ'ng meeting of a chapter. from the 16th-century Great Classical novel, Journey to the West , and recreated as a Hong Kong cinema production in 1967.
Many horror movies featuring spiders, including 1955
The spider's fear culminates in the Arachnophobia , a 1990 film in which spiders multiply in large numbers. On the other hand, someone who admires the spider is referred to as "arachnophile"; like Virginia, an orphan who likes to play spider games in the black horror comedy B, Spider Baby .
The Godzilla franchise includes a giant spider called Kumonga ("Spiga" in the English version), first appeared in the 1967s Son of Godzilla . The 1999 Wild Wild West film features a giant mechanical spider. Experiments with spiders in space tend to be wrong, like DNA experiments on a NASA spacecraft in a 2000 movie Spider , or a mutant spider from a Soviet space station abandoned in the 2013 movie < i> Spider 3D . Before there was Serpent in Aircraft (2006), there were spiders on the plane at Tarantula: The Deadly Cargo (1977). Radiation and spiders are once again joining to cause chaos in the 2002 film Eight Legged Freaks, this time because of nuclear waste.
Several books featuring spiders have been adapted for the film, including the Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King featuring Shelob and Harry Potter and the Chamber of Secrets with Aragog the Acromantula. Charlotte's positive picture of the spider character can be seen in two full-featured versions of Charlotte's Web. The first Charlotte's Web is a Hanna-Barbera music animation released in 1973, followed by a 2006 live-action film version of the original story. In addition, the spider character has crawled out of the comic book pages and onto the big screen, especially the adaptation of the Spider-Man movie.
In Ingmar Bergman 1961 adaptation of Swedish film Through the Dark Glass , the psychic Karin believed that she had an encounter with God as a spider. Images of spiders, symbolism and surrealist themes are manifestly displayed in the psychological thriller of 2013 Enemy ; film adaptation director Denis Villeneuve from The Double novel by JosÃÆ'Â © Saramago.
On television, the 1990 miniseries of Stephen King's It is based on his novel It, in which Pennywise the Dancing Clown's original form resembles a dreadful spider. Kamen Rider Leangle's character from the Japanese TV show 2004 Kamen Rider Blade has a motif based on the onigumo spider.
In music
The Rolling Stones adapted the theme of Mary Howitt's poem in their 1965 song, "The Spider and the Fly". Released in 1966, "Boris the Spider" was the first song written by John Entwistle for The Who, and became the subject of their live concert. "Spiderwebs" became a hit for No Doubt in 1995. Alice Cooper's 2008 concept album, Along Came a Spider is about a fictitious serial killer known as 'Spider', which wraps its victim in silk and cuts one of their legs to create their own eight-legged arachnoid.
Other depictions
Information technology terms such as "web spiders" (or "web crawlers") and the World Wide Web imply information connections such as spiders accessed on the Internet.
Dance, tarantella, refers to the spider Lycosa tarantula .
Giant spider statues (11 feet tall and 22 feet) are described as "towering and strong, but nurturing, delicate, and vulnerable protectors" and "favorites with children" have been found in Washington DC, Denver CO, and where other. Larger sculptures are found in places such as Ottawa and ZÃÆ'¼rich. These sculptures, two series six by Louise Bourgeois, can be seen at the National Art Gallery, the Denver Art Museum, the Tate Modern in London, and in some other selected sculpture parks. The larger series is titled Maman and the other is just titled Spider . One Spider is sold at Christie's $ 10 million auction house.
A four-day performing arts performance in Liverpool (September 2008) featured La Princesse by French performing arts company La Machine. The gigantic giant punk spider climbs up the wall, lurks in the streets and spraying unsuspecting citizens in search of the nest.
Games and toys
Giant spiders appear in several role-playing roles, such as Lolth, Spider Queen of Dungeons & amp; Dragons , and the first edition of Warcraft , in which the spider is described as "a surprising size - maybe 15 feet around - with a large fluffy body." In video games, spiders or spider-shaped enemies are common, such as the Metroid series where the trilogy antagonist, Metroid Prime, has Spider-like Metroid as its main physical form. This trilogy also includes Ing, the antagonist of Echoes, whose ksatri shape resembles a five-legged spider. Atlach-Nacha is a H game centered on a demon spider masquerading as a human. In the series The Legend of Zelda , giant spiders often become enemies. Specifically, Ocarina of Time features a large spider called Skulltulas, and Twilight Princess has a huge spider boss. Spider-like creature called Muffet is featured in the 2015 Undertale video game.
In the Lego Toyline Bionicle series, the Visorak gang is a species consisting of six spider-like races. They were created by Ikhwanul Makuta to conquer the islands; they have mutagenic toxins and sticky green nets. In the Transformers franchise, Tarantulas and Blackarachnia are both Predacons that turn into giant spiders. Blackarachnia, being a biological part, has a poison that paralyzes other Transformers and he is capable of turning the net.
Sports
Notable athletes with spiders' epithets include Olympic skiing skier "Spider" Sabich, named so by his father for his long and thin arms and legs as a baby, and UFC Middleweight Champion Anderson "The Spider" Silva dubbed "Brazilian Spiderman" by an announcer who thought he looked like a super hero in the ring. The spider mascot is associated with the Cleveland Spiders baseball team and the San Francisco Spiders hockey team.
Modern myths and urban legends
The widespread urban legend that one swallows many spiders during sleep in one's life has no basis in reality. The sleeper causes all kinds of noise and vibration by breathing, heartbeat, snoring, etc. Everything warns of spider hazards.
The Huntsman spider is large and fast, often generating arakhnophobic reactions from vulnerable people, and is the subject of many superstitions, exaggerations and myths. The myth banana spider claims that the Huntsman spider lays its eggs in banana flowers, generates spiders inside the banana shoots, waiting to terrorize unsuspecting consumers. This should explain why monkeys allegedly peel bananas from the "wrong" tip. The spider clock of urban legend from around the year 2002 begins with a discussion on the Internet message board based on Sparassid (Huntsman) spider images on the wall. The discussion, and its derivatives, lasted for several months.
According to another urban legend, the father's long leg (Pholcidae) has a strong poison, but their fangs are too short to extract the poison. This myth may appear because of its resemblance in appearance with Brown's engagement spider. In a 2004 episode of Discovery Channel MythBusters , it was shown that the host Adam Savage survived the spider bite.
A modern myth depicts a young woman who discovers that her beehive hairstyle is full of Black widow spiders.
The Legend Spider Bite appeared in Europe in the late 1970s. In most versions of this story, a young woman on holiday is basked on the cheek by a spider. After searching for medical treatments for the resulting swelling, hundreds of tiny spiders were found emerging from his taper wound, which caused the victim to go mad.
Email deceptions describe the attack by South American Blush Spiders in public toilets. The alleged scientific name of the spider is Arachnius gluteus , in which "gluteus" should mean "buttocks" (because there are muscles in the buttocks called gluteus maximus), and "arachnius" is the intended wording to mean "spider". Fly profit has several characteristics with two-line telamonia (Telamonia dimidiata) , and there is an updated version of the trick that uses that name for the species of spider, with the rest of the remaining text unchanged.
See also
- Cobweb Painting
- Cultural entomology
- Dreamcatcher - Object of native American culture, styled after the spider web
- Earth vs. Spider - 1958 science fiction movie/horror
-
- the 2001 film, a tribute to the original
- Jba Fofi - The giant cryptozoological spider
- Las Hilanderas Ã, (Velázquez) - Baroque painting, c. 1657; (a.k.a. The Fable of Arachne )
- "The Spider's Thread" - 1918 short story by Ry? nosuke Akutagawa
- Spider! Ã, (TV series) - British children's musical performances from 1991
- The Teotihuacan Big Goddess - The Teotihuacan Spider Woman
- "Legend of the Christmas Spider" - Eastern European folklore
Note
References
Further reading
- Snow, Justine T. (June 2002). "The Spider's Web Goddess of Light and Loom: Proof for the Origin of the Indo-European of Two Ancient Chinese Gods" (PDF) . Sino-Platonic Paper (118). ISSN 2157-9687. OCLCÃ, 78771783.
- Katarzyna; Michalski, Sergiusz (2010). Spider . London: Reaktion Book. ISBN: 1861898886.
External links
- Rod Crawford (October 15, 2015). "The Spider Myth". Burke Museum .
Source of the article : Wikipedia
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